{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7108684252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3640850","title":"Two-Timescale-Based Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided WPCNs","display_name":"Two-Timescale-Based Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided WPCNs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7108684252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3640850"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3640850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3640850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5761-1581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yiyang Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5893-6854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235331625","display_name":"Jiangsu Second Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e6ytg41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235331625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235331625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-2964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guangji Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4423-8752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangji Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xueyong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7395-2676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongbo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-4434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51921953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"7542","last_page":"7554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.7799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7684000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5358999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.48559999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.3425999879837036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7684000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5358999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.48559999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37940001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8854915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4350200","display_name":"Information transfer","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3640850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3640850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2637521528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3389102418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2023022-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5203647631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24KJA510003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7290676604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92367302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1916723779","https://openalex.org/W2002056261","https://openalex.org/W2017551824","https://openalex.org/W2032372805","https://openalex.org/W2058705882","https://openalex.org/W2094000142","https://openalex.org/W2118588134","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2242946604","https://openalex.org/W2343321058","https://openalex.org/W2344634978","https://openalex.org/W2737610796","https://openalex.org/W2811266402","https://openalex.org/W2963101803","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3007170290","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3092592393","https://openalex.org/W3114917120","https://openalex.org/W3118072494","https://openalex.org/W3120117232","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3130437501","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3163858617","https://openalex.org/W3172626944","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3178791547","https://openalex.org/W3188554269","https://openalex.org/W3196114134","https://openalex.org/W3198789116","https://openalex.org/W3211897542","https://openalex.org/W3214587761","https://openalex.org/W3217260967","https://openalex.org/W4205651202","https://openalex.org/W4206148828","https://openalex.org/W4213157525","https://openalex.org/W4221036114","https://openalex.org/W4281729538","https://openalex.org/W4296425705","https://openalex.org/W4312763750","https://openalex.org/W4313069424","https://openalex.org/W4321482248","https://openalex.org/W4387491909","https://openalex.org/W4387681970","https://openalex.org/W4391341285","https://openalex.org/W4393065864","https://openalex.org/W4393241097","https://openalex.org/W4394862981","https://openalex.org/W4398151367","https://openalex.org/W4406457603","https://openalex.org/W4407027156","https://openalex.org/W4408716207","https://openalex.org/W4410491884"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,74],"wireless-powered":[1],"communication":[2],"networks":[3],"(WPCNs)":[4],"augmented":[5],"by":[6],"reconfigurable":[7],"intelligent":[8],"surface":[9],"(RIS),":[10],"achieving":[11],"high":[12],"throughput":[13],"while":[14,87],"managing":[15],"signaling":[16],"overhead":[17,43,177],"remains":[18],"a":[19,54],"critical":[20],"challenge.":[21],"Conventional":[22],"approaches":[23],"rely":[24],"on":[25,99],"instantaneous":[26],"channel":[27,39],"state":[28],"information":[29,124],"(I-CSI)":[30],"for":[31,62,70,117,173],"dynamic":[32],"RIS":[33,64,81,114,155,181],"beamforming,":[34],"which":[35,169],"leads":[36],"to":[37,111],"prohibitive":[38],"estimation":[40],"and":[41,67,91,122,129],"feedback":[42,176],"in":[44,134,178],"large-scale":[45],"deployments.":[46],"To":[47],"address":[48],"this":[49,51],"issue,":[50],"paper":[52],"proposes":[53],"novel":[55],"two-timescale":[56],"protocol":[57],"that":[58,148],"integrates":[59],"statistical":[60,85],"CSI":[61],"long-term":[63],"beamforming":[65,82,156],"optimization":[66,104],"short-term":[68],"I-CSI":[69,167],"optimizing":[71],"resource":[72,132],"allocation.":[73],"particular,":[75],"the":[76,144,153,162,175,179],"proposed":[77],"method":[78],"designs":[79],"multiple":[80],"patterns":[83,157],"using":[84,126,149],"information,":[86],"dynamically":[88],"adjusting":[89],"time":[90],"power":[92],"allocation":[93,133],"within":[94],"each":[95],"coherence":[96],"interval":[97],"based":[98,106],"effective":[100],"I-CSI.":[101],"An":[102],"alternating":[103],"(AO)":[105],"algorithm":[107],"is":[108],"then":[109],"developed":[110],"iteratively":[112],"refine":[113],"phase":[115],"shifts":[116],"both":[118],"downlink":[119],"energy":[120],"transfer":[121,125],"uplink":[123],"gradient":[127],"projection,":[128],"derive":[130],"optimal":[131],"closed-form":[135],"expressions":[136],"via":[137],"Karush-Kuhn-Tucker":[138],"(KKT)":[139],"conditions.":[140],"Simulation":[141],"results":[142],"validate":[143],"framework\u2019s":[145],"efficacy,":[146],"demonstrating":[147],"only":[150],"33%":[151],"of":[152,161,165],"total":[154],"can":[158],"achieve":[159],"94%":[160],"sum-rate":[163],"performance":[164],"full":[166],"approaches,":[168],"provides":[170],"useful":[171],"guidelines":[172],"reducing":[174],"considered":[180],"aided":[182],"WPCNs.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-05T00:00:00"}