{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7108216850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3639473","title":"Secrecy Percolation Analysis in Large-Scale IoT Networks With Artificial Noise","display_name":"Secrecy Percolation Analysis in Large-Scale IoT Networks With Artificial Noise","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7108216850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3639473"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3639473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3639473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yujie Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-2680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mustafa A. Kishk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-2783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa A. Kishk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kai Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2163-0786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Supeng Leng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-5982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Supeng Leng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51740562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"6766","last_page":"6778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.6769999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.6769999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.13089999556541443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.039799999445676804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.7121000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.6868000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percolation","display_name":"Percolation (cognitive psychology)","score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/giant-component","display_name":"Giant component","score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percolation-theory","display_name":"Percolation theory","score":0.3587999939918518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7907999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.7121000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.6868000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5651000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780457167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156484","display_name":"Percolation (cognitive psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148818006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4137985","display_name":"Giant component","level":4,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11557063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900918","display_name":"Percolation theory","level":3,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82578977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16773055","display_name":"Data aggregator","level":3,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3639473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3639473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2890586892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025M783503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110393116","https://openalex.org/W587813246","https://openalex.org/W1555191729","https://openalex.org/W2007529001","https://openalex.org/W2033467205","https://openalex.org/W2087697671","https://openalex.org/W2090316550","https://openalex.org/W2117594747","https://openalex.org/W2125884950","https://openalex.org/W2134968843","https://openalex.org/W2147457379","https://openalex.org/W2153646424","https://openalex.org/W2414819045","https://openalex.org/W2797226653","https://openalex.org/W2922030595","https://openalex.org/W3094768171","https://openalex.org/W3129061468","https://openalex.org/W3134274385","https://openalex.org/W3166434018","https://openalex.org/W3194453829","https://openalex.org/W4206171084","https://openalex.org/W4206822447","https://openalex.org/W4206914024","https://openalex.org/W4285222453","https://openalex.org/W4312284141","https://openalex.org/W4328007175","https://openalex.org/W4378194799","https://openalex.org/W4379231713","https://openalex.org/W4386025945","https://openalex.org/W4386176004","https://openalex.org/W4386536282","https://openalex.org/W4387546377","https://openalex.org/W4387935021","https://openalex.org/W4388911899","https://openalex.org/W4389076300","https://openalex.org/W4391094298","https://openalex.org/W4391706684","https://openalex.org/W4392173753","https://openalex.org/W4400033179","https://openalex.org/W4407740545","https://openalex.org/W4410394607"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"emerging":[1],"Internet-of-Things":[2],"(IoT)":[3],"network":[4],"is":[5,67,199],"expected":[6],"to":[7,22,46,144,201],"connect":[8],"billions":[9],"of":[10,28,38,54,74,97,137,158],"devices,":[11,40],"creating":[12],"intelligent":[13],"environments":[14],"and":[15,31,35,48,64,109,114,141,174,187,208],"transforming":[16],"our":[17,72],"daily":[18],"lives.":[19],"However,":[20],"due":[21],"large-scale":[23],"deployment,":[24],"the":[25,32,52,95,125,138,149,156,181,193,203],"broadcast":[26],"nature":[27],"wireless":[29],"channels,":[30],"limited":[33],"energy":[34],"computation":[36],"capabilities":[37],"IoT":[39],"such":[41],"networks":[42],"are":[43],"highly":[44],"vulnerable":[45],"cyber-attacks":[47],"malware":[49],"infiltration.":[50],"In":[51],"presence":[53],"eavesdroppers,":[55],"establishing":[56],"a":[57,75,101,145],"giant":[58,102],"connection":[59],"where":[60],"devices":[61,99,130],"can":[62,131],"securely":[63],"privately":[65],"communicate":[66],"particularly":[68],"challenging.":[69],"This":[70],"motivates":[71],"study":[73],"physical":[76],"layer":[77],"security":[78],"(PLS)":[79],"approach":[80],"that":[81,121,163],"introduces":[82],"artificial":[83],"noise":[84],"(AN)":[85],"into":[86],"transmissions.":[87],"Using":[88],"tools":[89],"from":[90,134],"percolation":[91,151,182,194],"theory,":[92],"we":[93,179],"analyze":[94],"probability":[96],"legitimate":[98,129],"forming":[100],"component":[103],"in":[104,148,184],"both":[105,172],"signal-to-noise":[106],"ratio":[107,111],"(SNR)-":[108],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[110],"(SINR)-based":[112],"connectivity":[113],"intrinsically":[115],"secure":[116],"communication":[117],"graphs.":[118],"We":[119,153],"show":[120],"by":[122],"carefully":[123],"designing":[124],"AN":[126,161,191],"power":[127,207],"fraction,":[128],"be":[132],"protected":[133],"eavesdropping":[135],"regardless":[136],"eavesdroppers\u2019":[139],"density":[140],"capabilities,":[142],"leading":[143],"significant":[146],"reduction":[147],"critical":[150,166],"density.":[152],"also":[154],"prove":[155],"existence":[157],"an":[159],"optimal":[160],"fraction":[162],"minimizes":[164],"this":[165],"density,":[167],"which":[168],"remains":[169],"consistent":[170],"across":[171],"SNR":[173],"SINR":[175],"graph":[176],"models.":[177],"Furthermore,":[178],"characterize":[180],"behavior":[183],"SINR-based":[185],"graphs":[186],"reveal":[188],"that,":[189],"while":[190],"reduces":[192],"threshold,":[195],"efficient":[196],"interference":[197],"cancellation":[198],"necessary":[200],"counteract":[202],"reduced":[204],"data":[205],"transmission":[206],"maintain":[209],"robust":[210],"connectivity.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-03T00:00:00"}
