{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416798163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3638326","title":"Profit-Driven and Delay-Sensitive Task Offloading for Automated Guided Vehicles in Vehicular Fog Networks via Dynamic Fee-Charging Optimization","display_name":"Profit-Driven and Delay-Sensitive Task Offloading for Automated Guided Vehicles in Vehicular Fog Networks via Dynamic Fee-Charging Optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416798163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3638326"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3638326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3638326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051992291","display_name":"Chia\u2010Cheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-1070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Cheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data, Fuzhou University of International Studies and Trade, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data, Fuzhou University of International Studies and Trade, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024476512","display_name":"Jiao-Yan Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiao-Yan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data, Fuzhou University of International Studies and Trade, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data, Fuzhou University of International Studies and Trade, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051992291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44564485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"6324","last_page":"6333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8119999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8119999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.04960000142455101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.03150000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4756999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.45339998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit-maximization","display_name":"Profit maximization","score":0.37619999051094055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8511999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5931000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4756999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.45339998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777780509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377422","display_name":"Profit maximization","level":3,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3638326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3638326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2195423816","https://openalex.org/W2929084559","https://openalex.org/W2997505143","https://openalex.org/W3009247246","https://openalex.org/W3042879788","https://openalex.org/W3044319949","https://openalex.org/W3044626808","https://openalex.org/W3091369929","https://openalex.org/W3095323142","https://openalex.org/W3117062227","https://openalex.org/W3186043501","https://openalex.org/W3187771443","https://openalex.org/W3193818225","https://openalex.org/W3204760820","https://openalex.org/W3212845011","https://openalex.org/W4312789547","https://openalex.org/W4387415111","https://openalex.org/W4392667184","https://openalex.org/W4399146393","https://openalex.org/W4401387047","https://openalex.org/W4401717573","https://openalex.org/W4402159112","https://openalex.org/W4402673688","https://openalex.org/W4403022183","https://openalex.org/W4403600954","https://openalex.org/W4404914615","https://openalex.org/W4412445408"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"Guided":[1],"Vehicles":[2],"(AGVs)":[3],"are":[4,145],"integral":[5],"to":[6,119,131,205],"modern":[7],"industrial":[8,234],"automation,":[9],"streamlining":[10],"material":[11],"handling":[12],"and":[13,27,70,90,189,214,223],"logistics":[14],"operations.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,54,160,163,227],"increasing":[18],"computational":[19,72],"demands":[20],"of":[21,41,113,162,176,229],"AGVs,":[22],"including":[23],"real-time":[24,153],"navigation,":[25],"decision-making,":[26],"task":[28,92,154,168,191],"scheduling,":[29],"necessitate":[30],"efficient":[31],"offloading":[32,76,93,169],"mechanisms.":[33],"Vehicular":[34],"Fog":[35],"Networks":[36],"(VFNs),":[37],"a":[38,45,82,101],"specialized":[39],"form":[40],"fog":[42,212],"computing,":[43],"offer":[44],"promising":[46],"solution":[47],"by":[48],"leveraging":[49],"distributed":[50],"computing":[51,149,213],"resources":[52,150],"at":[53],"network":[55],"edge.":[56],"Despite":[57],"their":[58],"advantages,":[59],"VFNs":[60,231],"introduce":[61],"challenges":[62,197],"such":[63],"as":[64],"fluctuating":[65],"connectivity,":[66],"variable":[67],"node":[68],"availability,":[69],"unpredictable":[71],"loads,":[73],"making":[74],"traditional":[75],"approaches":[77],"inadequate.":[78],"This":[79],"paper":[80],"proposes":[81],"novel":[83],"optimization":[84,134],"framework":[85,99,165],"that":[86,105],"integrates":[87],"profit":[88,133],"maximization":[89],"resource-aware":[91],"for":[94,170],"AGVs":[95,171],"in":[96,166,172,184,198,211,232],"VFNs.":[97],"The":[98,217],"incorporates":[100],"dynamic":[102],"fee-charging":[103],"model":[104,128],"adjusts":[106],"service":[107,117,185,224],"charges":[108],"based":[109,151],"on":[110,152],"user-experienced":[111],"Quality":[112],"Service":[114],"(QoS),":[115],"incentivizing":[116],"providers":[118],"enhance":[120],"performance.":[121],"Additionally,":[122],"an":[123],"Integer":[124],"Linear":[125],"Programming":[126],"(ILP)":[127],"is":[129],"developed":[130],"balance":[132],"with":[135],"delay-aware":[136],"QoS":[137],"constraints.":[138],"To":[139],"ensure":[140],"scalability,":[141],"resource":[142,187,208],"expansion":[143],"strategies":[144,210],"introduced,":[146],"dynamically":[147],"allocating":[148],"demands.":[155],"Extensive":[156],"performance":[157],"evaluations":[158],"demonstrate":[159],"effectiveness":[161],"proposed":[164,218],"optimizing":[167],"VFN-based":[173],"Industrial":[174],"Internet":[175],"Things":[177],"(IIoT)":[178],"environments.":[179],"Results":[180],"indicate":[181],"significant":[182],"improvements":[183],"profitability,":[186],"utilization,":[188],"delay-sensitive":[190],"execution.":[192],"By":[193],"addressing":[194],"key":[195],"IoT":[196,215],"AGV-driven":[199],"IIoT":[200],"systems,":[201],"this":[202],"study":[203],"contributes":[204],"advancing":[206],"intelligent":[207],"allocation":[209],"ecosystems.":[216],"approach":[219],"enhances":[220],"AGV":[221],"efficiency":[222],"quality,":[225],"reinforcing":[226],"role":[228],"IoT-enabled":[230],"next-generation":[233],"automation.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}