{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7106612611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3636674","title":"LWDSC-Net: A Lightweight Wavelet Dual-Branch Coupling Network for mmWave Radar-Based Human Activity Recognition","display_name":"LWDSC-Net: A Lightweight Wavelet Dual-Branch Coupling Network for mmWave Radar-Based Human Activity Recognition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7106612611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3636674"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3636674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3636674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haiyi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4006-5093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haiyi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science and Technology on Micro-System Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science and Technology on Micro-System Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kai Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1225-6379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science and Technology on Micro-System Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science and Technology on Micro-System Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yong Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7046-4251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xu Chi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science and Technology on Micro-System Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science and Technology on Micro-System Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50922813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"6188","last_page":"6203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.8361999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.8361999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.08079999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.013000000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haar-wavelet","display_name":"Haar wavelet","score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.364300012588501}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8220999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780423554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766198","display_name":"Haar wavelet","level":5,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155777637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736187","display_name":"Wavelet packet decomposition","level":4,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199550912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3238415","display_name":"Lifting scheme","level":5,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111350171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7443700","display_name":"Second-generation wavelet transform","level":5,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3636674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3636674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022102190","https://openalex.org/W2153594606","https://openalex.org/W2242223225","https://openalex.org/W2770967835","https://openalex.org/W2898693178","https://openalex.org/W2922207534","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963111219","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2972231655","https://openalex.org/W2979508273","https://openalex.org/W2984834466","https://openalex.org/W3004500412","https://openalex.org/W3118285224","https://openalex.org/W3118882785","https://openalex.org/W3134230466","https://openalex.org/W3138912185","https://openalex.org/W3199487282","https://openalex.org/W3201514205","https://openalex.org/W3211425599","https://openalex.org/W3212616108","https://openalex.org/W4313423379","https://openalex.org/W4322739301","https://openalex.org/W4361200246","https://openalex.org/W4367016241","https://openalex.org/W4386996722","https://openalex.org/W4387587814","https://openalex.org/W4388505045","https://openalex.org/W4396782898","https://openalex.org/W4399119821","https://openalex.org/W4400228323","https://openalex.org/W4400447268","https://openalex.org/W4400579361","https://openalex.org/W4402557487","https://openalex.org/W4403277959","https://openalex.org/W4403887646","https://openalex.org/W4403943301","https://openalex.org/W4404035311","https://openalex.org/W4405138787","https://openalex.org/W4406012001","https://openalex.org/W4406266907","https://openalex.org/W4407591241","https://openalex.org/W4407826348","https://openalex.org/W4416543445"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"studies":[1],"on":[2,15,30,207,225],"human":[3],"activity":[4],"recognition":[5],"(HAR)":[6],"using":[7,140],"mmWave":[8],"radar":[9],"in":[10],"IoT":[11],"scenarios":[12],"have":[13],"relied":[14],"complex":[16],"network":[17,49,133,139],"architectures":[18],"and":[19,26,89,150,187,219,238],"heavy":[20],"preprocessing,":[21],"making":[22],"them":[23],"computationally":[24],"expensive":[25],"difficult":[27],"to":[28,82,105,117],"deploy":[29],"resource-constrained":[31],"edge":[32,247],"devices":[33],"(e.g.,":[34],"smart":[35],"homes,":[36],"healthcare).":[37],"To":[38],"address":[39],"this,":[40],"we":[41,126,166],"propose":[42,127,167],"LWDSC-Net,":[43],"a":[44,52,64,71,84],"lightweight":[45,130],"wavelet":[46,67,182],"dual-branch":[47,85],"coupling":[48],"that":[50,200],"embodies":[51],"novel,":[53],"physically-interpretable":[54],"design":[55],"paradigm.":[56],"Inspired":[57],"by":[58,179],"classic":[59],"signal":[60],"processing,":[61],"LWDSC-Net":[62,201],"embeds":[63],"1D":[65],"Haar":[66],"transform":[68],"(WT)":[69],"as":[70],"front-end":[72],"layer,":[73],"enabling":[74],"an":[75,128,203,226],"end-to-end,":[76],"structured":[77],"decoupling":[78],"of":[79,147,205,216],"raw":[80],"signals":[81],"construct":[83],"structure":[86],"with":[87,110,184],"low":[88],"high":[90],"frequencies":[91],"(LF":[92],"&":[93],"HF)":[94],"without":[95],"external":[96],"manual":[97],"preprocessing.":[98],"This":[99],"signal-architecture":[100],"co-design":[101],"dedicates":[102],"each":[103],"branch":[104],"its":[106,231,243],"respective":[107],"frequency":[108],"components,":[109],"the":[111,118,122,137,145,157,162,168,208,214],"multi-level":[112],"WT":[113],"concept":[114],"further":[115,188],"extended":[116],"HF":[119,163],"branch.":[120],"For":[121,161],"LF":[123],"component":[124],"branch,":[125,165],"improved":[129],"temporal":[131],"convolutional":[132,195],"(LightTCN),":[134],"which":[135,241],"builds":[136],"feed-forward":[138],"depthwise":[141,170],"convolution.":[142],"LightTCN":[143],"reduces":[144],"depth":[146],"module":[148],"stacking":[149],"efficiently":[151],"models":[152],"long-term":[153],"global":[154],"dependencies":[155],"across":[156],"entire":[158],"action":[159],"sequence.":[160],"components":[164],"wavelet-domain":[169,185],"separable":[171],"convolution":[172],"(WD-DSC)":[173],"module.":[174],"It":[175],"enhances":[176],"micro-motion":[177],"features":[178],"combining":[180],"secondary":[181],"reconstruction":[183],"convolution,":[186],"refines":[189],"local":[190],"detail":[191],"information":[192],"through":[193],"deep":[194],"layers.":[196],"Experimental":[197],"results":[198],"show":[199],"achieves":[202],"accuracy":[204],"98.76%":[206],"public":[209],"dataset":[210],"while":[211],"significantly":[212],"reducing":[213],"number":[215],"model":[217],"parameters":[218],"computational":[220],"complexity.":[221],"More":[222],"importantly,":[223],"deployment":[224],"NVIDIA":[227],"Jetson":[228],"Nano":[229],"confirms":[230],"excellent":[232],"real-world":[233],"performance,":[234],"featuring":[235],"ultra-low":[236],"latency":[237],"power":[239],"consumption,":[240],"highlights":[242],"outstanding":[244],"potential":[245],"for":[246],"deployment.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-08T09:19:03.324500","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
