{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415707191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3627306","title":"Secure Video Task Offloading in Vehicular Edge Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Secure Video Task Offloading in Vehicular Edge Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415707191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3627306"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3627306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3627306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004714470","display_name":"Huahong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0291-3001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huahong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0291-3001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100310248","display_name":"Yixuan Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6488-382X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083466636","display_name":"Honghai Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honghai Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0209-4488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727909","display_name":"Ling Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5132-3817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5132-3817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043869565","display_name":"Kaikai Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1123-6978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaikai Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1123-6978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082378117","display_name":"Xiaoying Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1118-8104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoying Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1118-8104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004714470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35457348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"24","first_page":"55863","last_page":"55882"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8392000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8392000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.037300001829862595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.022099999710917473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6011999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5062000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth-allocation","display_name":"Bandwidth allocation","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.42809998989105225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6011999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5062000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4496000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4406000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200157131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4854763","display_name":"Bandwidth allocation","level":3,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.42809998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41839998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.273499995470047}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3627306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3627306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1663187909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"252300421237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6622925972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6643904821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7058732424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G81712242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8506346014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"251111210900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8853339617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"252102211014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336593","funder_display_name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336593","display_name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975442866","https://openalex.org/W2061344791","https://openalex.org/W2168936936","https://openalex.org/W3013306419","https://openalex.org/W3035191847","https://openalex.org/W3047392327","https://openalex.org/W3143477889","https://openalex.org/W3184573535","https://openalex.org/W3185944238","https://openalex.org/W3198227059","https://openalex.org/W4225894573","https://openalex.org/W4226178627","https://openalex.org/W4280579586","https://openalex.org/W4281557862","https://openalex.org/W4293197550","https://openalex.org/W4293219750","https://openalex.org/W4312279024","https://openalex.org/W4312722077","https://openalex.org/W4378364831","https://openalex.org/W4379986188","https://openalex.org/W4384787983","https://openalex.org/W4385452944","https://openalex.org/W4386025745","https://openalex.org/W4386362876","https://openalex.org/W4386536449","https://openalex.org/W4388543738","https://openalex.org/W4389763930","https://openalex.org/W4391807591","https://openalex.org/W4392152874","https://openalex.org/W4392173874","https://openalex.org/W4393140508","https://openalex.org/W4393190342","https://openalex.org/W4399449616","https://openalex.org/W4399615861","https://openalex.org/W4401971185","https://openalex.org/W4405527970","https://openalex.org/W4408222774","https://openalex.org/W4408564664","https://openalex.org/W4408710402","https://openalex.org/W4408725238"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,17,57,60,70,83,95,98,102,142,159,173,177,181,189,197],"wide":[2],"application":[3],"of":[4,37,86,104,144,199],"emerging":[5],"technologies":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8],"ultra-high":[9],"definition":[10],"video":[11,20,41,87,145,200],"in":[12,49,90,101,163],"Vehicular":[13],"Edge":[14],"Computing":[15],"(VEC),":[16],"massive":[18],"heterogeneous":[19],"data":[21],"generated":[22],"by":[23,78,185,192,202],"vehicles":[24,105],"have":[25],"put":[26],"forward":[27],"higher":[28,40],"requirements":[29],"for":[30],"real-time":[31],"performance,":[32],"energy":[33,52,190],"efficiency":[34],"and":[35,51,129,149,195],"accuracy":[36,43,198],"processing.":[38],"However,":[39],"analysis":[42,201],"often":[44,81],"leads":[45],"to":[46,55,66,111,157],"an":[47,63,150],"increase":[48],"delay":[50,184],"consumption.":[53],"How":[54],"balance":[56],"relationship":[58],"between":[59],"three":[61],"is":[62,147,155],"urgent":[64],"problem":[65],"be":[67,107],"solved.":[68],"Meanwhile,":[69],"balanced":[71],"or":[72],"fixed":[73],"bandwidth":[74,137],"allocation":[75,138],"mechanism":[76,139,154],"adopted":[77],"most":[79],"studies":[80],"ignores":[82],"characteristic":[84],"differences":[85],"tasks,":[88],"resulting":[89],"inefficient":[91],"resource":[92],"allocation.":[93],"At":[94],"same":[96],"time,":[97],"security":[99],"risks":[100],"Internet":[103],"cannot":[106],"ignored.":[108],"In":[109],"order":[110],"deal":[112],"with":[113,172],"these":[114],"challenges,":[115],"this":[116],"paper":[117],"proposed":[118,178],"a":[119,164],"distributed":[120],"task":[121,182],"offloading":[122,161,175,183],"framework":[123],"combining":[124],"Analytic":[125],"Hierarchy":[126],"Process":[127],"(AHP)":[128],"Deep":[130],"Deterministic":[131],"Policy":[132],"Gradient":[133],"(DDPG).":[134],"An":[135],"adaptive":[136],"based":[140],"on":[141],"characteristics":[143],"tasks":[146],"designed,":[148],"improved":[151],"blockchain":[152],"consensus":[153],"introduced":[156],"ensure":[158],"optimal":[160],"decision":[162],"trusted":[165],"environment.":[166],"Experimental":[167],"results":[168],"show":[169],"that":[170],"compared":[171],"existing":[174],"schemes,":[176],"algorithm":[179],"reduces":[180,188],"about":[186,193,203],"7.54%,":[187],"consumption":[191],"6.37%,":[194],"improves":[196],"5.02%":[204],"while":[205],"ensuring":[206],"security.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-30T00:00:00"}