{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7092571413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3623525","title":"RIS Narrow Beamwidth and Link Selection for Improving Connectivity of Multi-RIS-Assisted D2D Networks","display_name":"RIS Narrow Beamwidth and Link Selection for Improving Connectivity of Multi-RIS-Assisted D2D Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7092571413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3623525"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3623525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3623525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammed Saif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-0799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Saif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammad Javad-Kalbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-9808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Javad-Kalbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shahrokh Valaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6254-1660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahrokh Valaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49917714,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"1798","last_page":"1815"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.6373000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurability","display_name":"Reconfigurability","score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.3522999882698059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7961000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.6373000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302742","display_name":"Reconfigurability","level":2,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775973920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3252726","display_name":"Selection algorithm","level":3,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114563136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19725982","display_name":"Network planning and design","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3623525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3623525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587744656","https://openalex.org/W1964581121","https://openalex.org/W1988311400","https://openalex.org/W2097288410","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2116673134","https://openalex.org/W2122695660","https://openalex.org/W2122856759","https://openalex.org/W2132895032","https://openalex.org/W2152244994","https://openalex.org/W2161537399","https://openalex.org/W2275969031","https://openalex.org/W2472333518","https://openalex.org/W2787584003","https://openalex.org/W2801805628","https://openalex.org/W2962726494","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2998194861","https://openalex.org/W3121122428","https://openalex.org/W3122751454","https://openalex.org/W3128368575","https://openalex.org/W3154846188","https://openalex.org/W3193247573","https://openalex.org/W3195605735","https://openalex.org/W3212208169","https://openalex.org/W4226343006","https://openalex.org/W4313168797","https://openalex.org/W4317419463","https://openalex.org/W4323338515","https://openalex.org/W4386148294","https://openalex.org/W4386883157","https://openalex.org/W4391942382","https://openalex.org/W4392152859","https://openalex.org/W4392175481","https://openalex.org/W4392397353","https://openalex.org/W4395028133","https://openalex.org/W4402673503","https://openalex.org/W4403421005","https://openalex.org/W4406858266"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surface":[2,20],"(RIS)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"proposed":[6,84,231,241],"to":[7,13,56,69,93,142,235,247],"add":[8],"some":[9],"level":[10],"of":[11,23,32,49,73,98,162,196],"reconfigurability":[12],"the":[14,30,47,71,87,107,153,210,230],"propagation":[15],"medium":[16],"via":[17],"deploying":[18],"a":[19,78,126,222],"that":[21,112,180,221],"consists":[22],"digitally-controllable":[24],"reflecting":[25],"elements.":[26],"To":[27],"fully":[28],"demonstrate":[29,220],"effectiveness":[31],"integrating":[33],"RIS":[34,43,115,154,214],"technology":[35],"with":[36],"device-to-device":[37],"(D2D)":[38],"communications,":[39],"this":[40,63,170],"paper":[41],"designs":[42,65],"narrow":[44,66,116,155,215],"beamwidth,":[45],"enabling":[46],"creation":[48],"multiple":[50,177],"cascaded":[51],"links,":[52,55],"called":[53],"RIS-aided":[54,120,178,197],"connect":[57],"blocked":[58],"user":[59],"equipment":[60],"(UE).":[61],"Specifically,":[62,233],"work":[64],"beamwidth":[67,117,156],"RISs":[68,253],"enhance":[70],"connectivity":[72,109,238],"multi-RIS-assisted":[74],"D2D":[75],"networks":[76],"through":[77],"unique":[79],"phase":[80],"shift":[81],"determination.":[82],"The":[83,193,217],"design":[85,118,152],"optimizes":[86,114],"power-domain":[88],"array":[89],"factor":[90],"(PDAF),":[91],"aiming":[92],"target":[94],"specific":[95],"azimuth":[96,160],"angles":[97,161],"reliable":[99,185],"UEs":[100,164,186],"and":[101,119,151,254],"improve":[102],"network":[103,108,237],"connectivity.":[104],"We":[105],"formulate":[106],"optimization":[110,171,194],"problem":[111,124,195],"jointly":[113],"link":[121,198],"selection.":[122],"This":[123],"is":[125,200],"mixed":[127],"integer":[128],"non-linear":[129],"program":[130],"(MINLP),":[131],"thus":[132],"we":[133,149,173],"tackle":[134],"it":[135],"by":[136,229],"proposing":[137],"an":[138,204],"effective":[139],"approach,":[140],"referred":[141],"as":[143],"continuous":[144],"genetic":[145],"algorithm":[146],"(CGA)-RIS.":[147],"First,":[148],"analyze":[150],"using":[157,203],"CGA,":[158],"where":[159],"receiving":[163],"are":[165],"not":[166],"precisely":[167],"known.":[168],"For":[169],"task,":[172],"aim":[174],"at":[175],"generating":[176],"links":[179],"exhibits":[181],"significant":[182,223],"PDAF":[183,189],"towards":[184,190],"while":[187,208],"minimizing":[188],"unreliable":[191],"UEs.":[192],"selection":[199],"then":[201],"solved":[202],"efficient":[205],"perturbation":[206],"method":[207],"employing":[209],"designed":[211],"CGA":[212],"for":[213],"beamwidth.":[216],"numerical":[218],"results":[219],"performance":[224,245],"improvement":[225],"can":[226],"be":[227],"achieved":[228],"approach.":[232],"compared":[234,246],"existing":[236],"schemes,":[239],"our":[240],"approach":[242],"shows":[243],"superior":[244],"other":[248],"scenarios,":[249],"including":[250],"distributed":[251],"small":[252],"traditional":[255],"D2D.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-14T23:40:02.550235","created_date":"2025-10-21T00:00:00"}
