{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415222160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3622057","title":"mmMotion: A Real-Time Human Motion Detection Smart Home System Based on mmWave Radar","display_name":"mmMotion: A Real-Time Human Motion Detection Smart Home System Based on mmWave Radar","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415222160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3622057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3622057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3622057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103467086","display_name":"Rongshu Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2221-8115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runqi Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2221-8115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114549573","display_name":"Jiuzhou Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiuzhou Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0298-6895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yifan Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5317-5174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5317-5174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102958060","display_name":"Zhaohua Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5916-0125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohua Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5916-0125","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007329669","display_name":"Ling Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-8258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23110206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"24","first_page":"54699","last_page":"54714"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9235000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-automation","display_name":"Home automation","score":0.6424999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-detection","display_name":"Motion detection","score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3571000099182129}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8722000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507571656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848436","display_name":"Home automation","level":2,"score":0.6424999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6148999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780624872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852453","display_name":"Motion detection","level":3,"score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986578859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657632","display_name":"Human motion","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3622057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3622057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-167173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-167173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1],"of":[2,16,42,50,59,67,92,128,179,207,221,229,249],"millimeter-wave":[3],"radar":[4],"(mmWave":[5],"radar)":[6],"for":[7,150,231],"human":[8,87,97,151],"motion":[9,88,152,226],"detection":[10,45,89,205],"is":[11,167],"essential":[12],"in":[13,113],"the":[14,34,40,48,51,57,65,68,125,132,142,177,191,203,247],"realm":[15],"smart":[17,60,114],"home":[18,61,115],"Internet-of-Things":[19],"(IoT)":[20],"scenarios":[21,116],"due":[22],"to":[23,38,71,134,169,201,246],"its":[24],"non-intrusive":[25],"nature,":[26],"privacy":[27],"considerations,":[28],"interactive":[29],"capabilities,":[30],"and":[31,109,119,161,173,197,223,244,251],"cost-effectiveness.":[32],"However,":[33],"existing":[35],"methods":[36],"fail":[37],"address":[39,77],"issue":[41],"low":[43],"real-time":[44,120,204,225,255],"rates.":[46],"Moreover,":[47],"design":[49],"action":[52],"does":[53],"not":[54],"align":[55],"with":[56,117,190],"requirements":[58],"IoT":[62],"systems,":[63],"while":[64],"complexity":[66],"algorithm":[69,200],"leads":[70],"high":[72],"computing":[73],"hardware":[74],"costs.":[75],"To":[76],"these":[78],"problems,":[79],"we":[80,130,183],"propose":[81,135,184],"mmMotion,":[82],"a":[83,136,185,224],"novel":[84,137,186],"mmWave":[85],"radar-based":[86],"system":[90,148],"capable":[91],"accurately":[93],"estimating":[94],"six":[95,232],"well-designed":[96],"motions":[98],"(sit":[99],"down,":[100,106],"stand":[101],"up,":[102,104],"get":[103],"lie":[105],"wave":[107],"hands,":[108],"punch)":[110],"commonly":[111],"observed":[112],"cost-effectiveness":[118],"processing":[121],"speed.":[122],"By":[123],"incorporating":[124],"spatial":[126,172],"feature":[127,138,145],"\u201cHeight\u201d,":[129],"are":[131],"first":[133],"extraction":[139],"method":[140,196],"using":[141],"\u201cDoppler-Height-Time\u201d":[143],"(DHT)":[144],"maps":[146],"as":[147],"input":[149],"detection.":[153],"A":[154],"combined":[155,189],"lightweight":[156],"Convolutional":[157],"Neural":[158],"Network":[159],"(CNN)":[160],"Long":[162],"Short-Term":[163],"Memory":[164],"(LSTM)":[165],"architecture":[166],"developed":[168],"simultaneously":[170],"capture":[171],"temporal":[174],"features,":[175],"leveraging":[176],"strengths":[178],"both":[180],"architectures.":[181],"Furthermore,":[182,235],"Real-time":[187],"Classifier":[188],"Static":[192],"Clutter":[193],"Removal":[194],"(SCR)":[195],"Duo":[198],"Filter":[199],"enhance":[202],"capability":[206],"mm-Motion.":[208],"Experiment":[209],"results":[210],"demonstrate":[211],"that":[212],"mmMotion":[213],"achieves":[214],"an":[215],"impressive":[216],"offline":[217],"training":[218],"accuracy":[219],"rate":[220,228],"98.13%":[222],"recognition":[227],"90.5%":[230],"designated":[233],"motions.":[234],"it":[236],"exhibits":[237],"excellent":[238],"generalization":[239],"ability":[240],"across":[241],"different":[242],"individuals":[243],"robustness":[245],"interference":[248],"large":[250],"small":[252],"actions":[253],"during":[254],"performance":[256],"testing.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-11T23:09:37.256380","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}
