{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415034275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3619981","title":"Coarse-to-Fine Spectrum Monitoring: A Joint Signal Detection and Classification via Complex Neural Network","display_name":"Coarse-to-Fine Spectrum Monitoring: A Joint Signal Detection and Classification via Complex Neural Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415034275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3619981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3619981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3619981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016006028","display_name":"Rundong Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-6553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rundong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-6553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072496496","display_name":"Jun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-9417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-9417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031559441","display_name":"Dan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3884-9831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3884-9831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024605374","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-5509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-5509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100826542","display_name":"Shiyou Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-7986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyou Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-7986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31026098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"24","first_page":"54368","last_page":"54382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.3955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.3555999994277954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.829800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105152959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074780","display_name":"Chirp spread spectrum","level":5,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57733114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006032","display_name":"Discrete Fourier transform (general)","level":5,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3619981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3619981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8554995088","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFA0716600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8966771777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20180307151430655","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329791","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329791","display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045321368","https://openalex.org/W2079865126","https://openalex.org/W2163804449","https://openalex.org/W2295751062","https://openalex.org/W2614637450","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2794008838","https://openalex.org/W2794209590","https://openalex.org/W2901475354","https://openalex.org/W2920813268","https://openalex.org/W2935707394","https://openalex.org/W2947560542","https://openalex.org/W2990621879","https://openalex.org/W3000943722","https://openalex.org/W3016318359","https://openalex.org/W3017995847","https://openalex.org/W3022311971","https://openalex.org/W3042569668","https://openalex.org/W3101503122","https://openalex.org/W3106905816","https://openalex.org/W3119223610","https://openalex.org/W3140533654","https://openalex.org/W3158727039","https://openalex.org/W3162184162","https://openalex.org/W3193052805","https://openalex.org/W4206794970","https://openalex.org/W4210317224","https://openalex.org/W4213448876","https://openalex.org/W4226117432","https://openalex.org/W4312262250","https://openalex.org/W4377692740","https://openalex.org/W4385453438","https://openalex.org/W4385805608","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386266029","https://openalex.org/W4390272522","https://openalex.org/W4392940045","https://openalex.org/W4392940135","https://openalex.org/W4394711373","https://openalex.org/W4394862802","https://openalex.org/W4399665665","https://openalex.org/W4400276388","https://openalex.org/W4402157514","https://openalex.org/W4402723708","https://openalex.org/W4408094554","https://openalex.org/W4411283308"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,57,85,91,94,120,150,155,197,201,207],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,6,24],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"technologies,":[9],"efficient":[10],"spectrum":[11,38],"management":[12],"becomes":[13],"crucial.":[14],"Wideband":[15],"monitoring":[16,44],"helps":[17],"detect":[18],"abnormal":[19],"channels,":[20],"ensuring":[21],"reliable":[22],"operation":[23],"IoT":[25,247],"devices.":[26],"Software-defined":[27],"radio":[28],"(SDR),":[29],"with":[30,211],"its":[31],"wideband":[32],"acquisition":[33],"capability,":[34],"offers":[35,240],"flexibility":[36],"for":[37,46,184,244],"monitoring.":[39],"We":[40,70],"propose":[41],"a":[42,62,72,138,241],"two-stage":[43],"method":[45],"signal":[47,58,113,152],"modulation":[48,78,181],"classification,":[49,159],"combining":[50],"coarse":[51,86],"and":[52,97,111,125,167,173,225],"fine":[53],"detection":[54,87],"techniques.":[55],"Initially,":[56],"is":[59,147],"transformed":[60],"into":[61],"time-frequency":[63,67],"(TF)":[64],"matrix":[65,108],"using":[66],"transformation":[68],"(TFT).":[69],"design":[71],"complex":[73,162,168,198],"network":[74,213],"to":[75,101,132,149,171,206],"perform":[76],"approximate":[77],"recognition":[79],"on":[80,84,154,196],"TF":[81,95,107],"domain.":[82],"Based":[83],"results,":[88],"we":[89,118,160],"separate":[90],"signals":[92],"in":[93,222,229],"domain":[96],"apply":[98],"inverse":[99],"TFT":[100],"obtain":[102],"time-domain":[103,151,177],"signals.":[104,187],"To":[105],"overcome":[106],"resolution":[109],"limitations":[110],"improve":[112],"center":[114],"frequency":[115,141,145],"(CF)":[116],"estimation,":[117],"combine":[119],"Fast":[121],"Fourier":[122],"Transform":[123],"(FFT)":[124],"Chirp":[126],"Z-transform":[127],"(CZT),":[128],"performing":[129],"cyclic":[130],"convolution":[131],"refine":[133],"CF":[134,223],"estimation.":[135,143],"This":[136,238],"enables":[137],"more":[139],"accurate":[140],"offset":[142],"Next,":[144],"down-conversion":[146],"applied":[148],"based":[153],"estimated":[156],"CF.":[157],"For":[158],"use":[161],"Gated":[163],"Recurrent":[164],"Unit":[165],"(GRU)":[166],"residual":[169],"networks":[170],"extract":[172],"fuse":[174],"features":[175],"from":[176],"signals,":[178],"enabling":[179],"precise":[180],"type":[182],"classification":[183,231],"non-downsampled":[185],"MQAM/MPSK":[186,230],"Experimental":[188],"results":[189],"validate":[190],"that":[191],"our":[192],"method,":[193],"when":[194],"tested":[195],"YOLOv7,":[199],"improves":[200],"mAP@0.5:0.95":[202],"by":[203],"4.3%":[204],"compared":[205],"original":[208],"YOLOv7":[209],"framework,":[210],"faster":[212],"convergence.":[214],"Our":[215],"approach":[216,243],"also":[217],"achieves":[218],"significantly":[219],"lower":[220],"variance":[221],"estimation":[224],"outperforms":[226],"existing":[227],"methods":[228],"accuracy":[232],"under":[233],"various":[234],"signal-to-noise":[235],"ratios":[236],"(SNR).":[237],"study":[239],"promising":[242],"future":[245],"wireless":[246],"communication":[248],"systems":[249],"management.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-11T23:09:37.256380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
