{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414956244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3619193","title":"Taming Learnable Codebook Design and Modulation for Digital Semantic Image Communication","display_name":"Taming Learnable Codebook Design and Modulation for Digital Semantic Image Communication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414956244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3619193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3619193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3619193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091841996","display_name":"Yingbin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9734-9827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingbin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen), the School of Science and Engineering (SSE), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen), CUHKSZ, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9734-9827","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen), the School of Science and Engineering (SSE), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen), CUHKSZ, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yaping Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-1639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaping Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen), CUHKSZ, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-1639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen), CUHKSZ, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068782412","display_name":"Hongyang Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-6525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-6525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guanying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-4752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["FNii-Shenzhen, CUHK, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen), CUHKSZ, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-4752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FNii-Shenzhen, CUHK, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen), CUHKSZ, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061030501","display_name":"Xiaodong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China","Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-5989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353516","display_name":"Hao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-1374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-1374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405787","display_name":"Ping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-104X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, BUPT, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-104X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, BUPT, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009164482","display_name":"Shuguang Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-775X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuguang Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["FNii-Shenzhen, SSE, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence, CUHK, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen), CUHKSZ, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-775X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FNii-Shenzhen, SSE, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence, CUHK, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen), CUHKSZ, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71046549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"473","last_page":"486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.8309999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.8309999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.795799970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.7249000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-quantization","display_name":"Vector quantization","score":0.7285000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5670999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"Image compression","score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codec","display_name":"Codec","score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-error-rate","display_name":"Block Error Rate","score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.33809998631477356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8224999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199833920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612536","display_name":"Vector quantization","level":2,"score":0.7285000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5670999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161765866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184748","display_name":"Codec","level":2,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927140","display_name":"Block Error Rate","level":3,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105842133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899679","display_name":"Visual communication","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113608303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056835","display_name":"Transmission system","level":3,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93372532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6552455","display_name":"Linde\u2013Buzo\u2013Gray algorithm","level":3,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22676131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751065","display_name":"Analog transmission","level":4,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3619193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3619193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2002337963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301471","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6352250275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62293482","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6756918551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024ZD1300700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040903332","https://openalex.org/W2061056943","https://openalex.org/W2124541664","https://openalex.org/W2161190959","https://openalex.org/W2341277784","https://openalex.org/W2741137940","https://openalex.org/W2885325429","https://openalex.org/W2919234133","https://openalex.org/W2946889564","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W3008847921","https://openalex.org/W3012118477","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3180355996","https://openalex.org/W3207918547","https://openalex.org/W4210680217","https://openalex.org/W4226042246","https://openalex.org/W4283831644","https://openalex.org/W4312974539","https://openalex.org/W4323896648","https://openalex.org/W4381785911","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386737001","https://openalex.org/W4387717661","https://openalex.org/W4392175466","https://openalex.org/W4394627253","https://openalex.org/W4408324402","https://openalex.org/W4414432003","https://openalex.org/W4414539232"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"communication":[1,16],"employs":[2],"deep":[3],"learning":[4],"to":[5,26,61,72,117],"transmit":[6],"semantically":[7],"meaningful":[8],"information":[9],"rather":[10],"than":[11],"raw":[12],"data,":[13],"thereby":[14],"improving":[15],"efficiency.":[17],"To":[18,76],"facilitate":[19],"the":[20,119,151],"adaptation":[21],"of":[22],"continuous":[23],"semantic":[24],"features":[25,41],"digital":[27,65],"transmission":[28,85,93,166],"systems,":[29],"vector":[30,114],"quantization":[31,115],"(VQ)":[32],"serves":[33],"as":[34],"an":[35],"effective":[36],"approach":[37],"for":[38,68,141],"discretizing":[39],"high-dimensional":[40],"into":[42],"compact":[43],"codebook":[44,90,110],"indices.":[45],"However,":[46],"existing":[47],"VQ-based":[48],"systems":[49],"face":[50],"a":[51,82,107,129],"critical":[52],"dilemma:":[53],"conventional":[54],"VQ":[55],"codebooks":[56],"demand":[57],"large":[58],"index":[59,120],"ranges":[60],"preserve":[62],"fidelity,":[63],"contradicting":[64],"modulation\u2019s":[66],"need":[67],"limited":[69],"discrete":[70],"states":[71],"ensure":[73],"noise":[74,132],"robustness.":[75,94],"bridge":[77],"this":[78],"gap,":[79],"we":[80,104],"design":[81],"2K":[83],"image":[84,124],"framework":[86,96],"that":[87,150],"jointly":[88],"considers":[89],"compactness":[91],"and":[92,160],"The":[95],"operates":[97],"in":[98],"two":[99],"stages:":[100],"In":[101,126],"Stage":[102,127],"1,":[103],"devise":[105],"MOC-RVQ,":[106],"multi-head":[108],"ordered":[109],"(MOC)":[111],"with":[112,138],"residual":[113],"(RVQ)":[116],"reduce":[118],"range":[121],"while":[122,163],"maintaining":[123,164],"fidelity.":[125],"2,":[128],"Swin":[130],"Transformer-based":[131],"reduction":[133],"block":[134],"(NRB)":[135],"is":[136],"integrated":[137],"feature":[139],"requantization":[140],"further":[142],"robust":[143],"restoration.":[144],"Experiments":[145],"on":[146],"2K-resolution":[147],"datasets":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"proposed":[152],"MOC-RVQ":[153],"surpasses":[154],"traditional":[155],"codecs":[156],"like":[157],"BPG,":[158],"JPEG,":[159],"learnable":[161],"baselines,":[162],"low":[165],"overhead.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}