{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414404606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3612572","title":"Safety-Comfort-Oriented Adaptive Safe Q-Learning for Networked Active Quarter-Vehicle Suspension Systems","display_name":"Safety-Comfort-Oriented Adaptive Safe Q-Learning for Networked Active Quarter-Vehicle Suspension Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414404606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3612572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3612572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3612572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079371080","display_name":"Qi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0154-8991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066409796","display_name":"Xiangpeng Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-3134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangpeng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-6847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079371080"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27381166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"23","first_page":"51279","last_page":"51288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12269","display_name":"Effects of Vibration on Health","score":0.9588000178337097,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10690","display_name":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.54339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-system","display_name":"Adaptive system","score":0.35420000553131104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8202000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.54339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778293426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173613","display_name":"Active suspension","level":3,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15845906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172338","display_name":"Data exchange","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3612572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3612572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2680715701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62103408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7261126740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62373196","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323111","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University Research Program","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968908471","https://openalex.org/W1983523797","https://openalex.org/W2005675298","https://openalex.org/W2030038728","https://openalex.org/W2165501837","https://openalex.org/W2462102501","https://openalex.org/W2484646121","https://openalex.org/W2766502495","https://openalex.org/W3008959010","https://openalex.org/W3048735518","https://openalex.org/W3096135216","https://openalex.org/W3120459386","https://openalex.org/W3127008750","https://openalex.org/W3127275112","https://openalex.org/W3197168578","https://openalex.org/W4206773119","https://openalex.org/W4280641423","https://openalex.org/W4281253024","https://openalex.org/W4285267929","https://openalex.org/W4308463062","https://openalex.org/W4312916991","https://openalex.org/W4313886683","https://openalex.org/W4319777557","https://openalex.org/W4386390175","https://openalex.org/W4386523235","https://openalex.org/W4388052828","https://openalex.org/W4391781205","https://openalex.org/W4391807011","https://openalex.org/W4394909995","https://openalex.org/W4400229645","https://openalex.org/W4401733235","https://openalex.org/W4402216181","https://openalex.org/W4402259965","https://openalex.org/W4403826514","https://openalex.org/W4410152985","https://openalex.org/W4413977954"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,6,22,94,139,173,197,214],"the":[4,65,79,84,88,109,115,121,130,136,150,168,174,195,198,210],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"facilitates":[9],"data":[10,147],"exchange":[11],"and":[12,17,36,74,141,171,182,212],"communication":[13],"across":[14],"numerous":[15],"devices":[16],"sensors.":[18],"As":[19],"a":[20,41,48,57,100,126,154,178],"cornerstone":[21],"intelligent":[23],"vehicles,":[24],"active":[25],"quarter-vehicle":[26],"suspension":[27],"systems":[28,96],"within":[29,99,149],"IoT":[30],"ecosystems":[31],"critically":[32],"enhance":[33],"ride":[34],"comfort":[35],"safety.":[37],"This":[38,133,144],"paper":[39],"proposes":[40],"safe":[42,58,101,151,158,200],"Q-learning":[43,201],"(QL)":[44],"algorithm":[45,145],"based":[46],"on":[47,71],"novel":[49],"adaptive":[50,112],"control":[51],"barrier":[52],"function":[53],"(ACBF)":[54],"to":[55,193],"design":[56],"optimal":[59,106,159],"controller.":[60],"Periodically":[61],"optimize":[62],"policies":[63],"in":[64,78],"cloud,":[66],"download":[67],"them,":[68],"deploy":[69],"them":[70],"edge":[72,80,85],"devices,":[73],"implement":[75],"millisecond-level":[76],"correspondence":[77],"processing":[81],"layer.":[82],"In":[83],"computing":[86],"layer,":[87],"controller":[89],"guarantees":[90,164],"that":[91],"constrained":[92],"states":[93],"nonlinear":[95],"remain":[97],"strictly":[98],"region":[102],"while":[103],"simultaneously":[104],"achieving":[105],"performance.":[107],"First,":[108],"ACBF":[110,128],"with":[111,129,187],"factor":[113],"under":[114],"current":[116,131],"state":[117],"is":[118,123],"introduced.":[119],"Then,":[120],"Q-function":[122],"designed,":[124],"integrating":[125],"positive-definite":[127],"state.":[132],"integration":[134],"ensures":[135],"concurrent":[137],"enforcement":[138],"safety":[140],"optimality":[142,172],"constraints.":[143],"utilizes":[146],"collected":[148],"region\u2014rather":[152],"than":[153],"mathematical":[155],"model\u2014to":[156],"seek":[157],"policies.":[160],"Third,":[161],"rigorous":[162],"theoretical":[163],"are":[165,191],"established":[166,192],"for":[167],"monotonicity,":[169],"safety,":[170],"proposed":[175],"algorithm.":[176,203],"Furthermore,":[177],"critic":[179],"neutral":[180,185],"network":[181,186],"an":[183],"action":[184],"provable":[188],"approximation":[189],"capabilities":[190],"facilitate":[194],"execution":[196],"ACBF-based":[199],"(ACBF-SQL)":[202],"Finally,":[204],"hardware-in-the-loop":[205],"(HIL)":[206],"simulation":[207],"experiments":[208],"validate":[209],"effectiveness":[211],"superiority":[213],"ACBF-SQL.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}