{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414110737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3608170","title":"Design of Dual Polarized Distributed FMCW Radar System With High Gain Lens Array Antenna for Through-the-Wall Human Detection Application","display_name":"Design of Dual Polarized Distributed FMCW Radar System With High Gain Lens Array Antenna for Through-the-Wall Human Detection Application","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414110737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3608170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3608170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3608170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110389353","display_name":"Eun-Sung Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4969-2939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120602","display_name":"Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01w62yz22","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunsung Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence Network Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4969-2939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence Network Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076076262","display_name":"Jae-Woo Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1829-9071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120602","display_name":"Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01w62yz22","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Woo Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence Network Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1829-9071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence Network Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051899281","display_name":"Kyung\u2010Hwan Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9852-6155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyunghwan Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Sensing Semiconductor Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9852-6155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Sensing Semiconductor Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042469641","display_name":"Ja\u2010Yol Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-8527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayol Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Sensing Semiconductor Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-8527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Sensing Semiconductor Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hyunseok Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3428-8653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunseok Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Sensing Semiconductor Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3428-8653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Sensing Semiconductor Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005084212","display_name":"Jeong-Wook Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7401-2977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeong-Wook Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7401-2977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53197626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"23","first_page":"49630","last_page":"49643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9244999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.5558000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.516700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.38769999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-polarization-interferometry","display_name":"Dual-polarization interferometry","score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3492000102996826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6353999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.5558000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.516700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.38769999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161926555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799470","display_name":"Dual-polarization interferometry","level":3,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984296375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar systems","level":3,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99568719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129003","display_name":"Continuous wave","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.26179999113082886}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3608170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3608170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984859907","https://openalex.org/W2033466264","https://openalex.org/W2065726711","https://openalex.org/W2147344464","https://openalex.org/W2311835826","https://openalex.org/W2792484136","https://openalex.org/W2803255255","https://openalex.org/W2889114526","https://openalex.org/W2909292288","https://openalex.org/W2984571667","https://openalex.org/W2998351918","https://openalex.org/W3025382955","https://openalex.org/W3049467169","https://openalex.org/W3092195432","https://openalex.org/W3113249679","https://openalex.org/W3132248511","https://openalex.org/W3149900288","https://openalex.org/W3166840286","https://openalex.org/W3167125565","https://openalex.org/W3177128764","https://openalex.org/W3184627963","https://openalex.org/W3189896439","https://openalex.org/W3199325677","https://openalex.org/W3200846712","https://openalex.org/W3213130669","https://openalex.org/W4205209729","https://openalex.org/W4220837369","https://openalex.org/W4365420270","https://openalex.org/W4376456279","https://openalex.org/W4388579533","https://openalex.org/W4388624359","https://openalex.org/W4389220963","https://openalex.org/W4393164336","https://openalex.org/W4393171205","https://openalex.org/W4396632989","https://openalex.org/W4399039120","https://openalex.org/W4399146419","https://openalex.org/W4400351208","https://openalex.org/W4400944407","https://openalex.org/W4402474626","https://openalex.org/W4402834313","https://openalex.org/W4403390190","https://openalex.org/W4405717949","https://openalex.org/W4405778555","https://openalex.org/W4406047435","https://openalex.org/W4406856881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2555581363","https://openalex.org/W2091887884","https://openalex.org/W4313855562","https://openalex.org/W2142793224","https://openalex.org/W2091422131","https://openalex.org/W2892233029","https://openalex.org/W3154381281","https://openalex.org/W2742737769","https://openalex.org/W4210638523","https://openalex.org/W4200360890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,22,45,58,70,93,103,112,119,122,134,139],"design":[4],"of":[5,24,60,114,121,129],"a":[6,17,64,74,97,147],"dual-polarized":[7],"Frequency":[8],"Modulated":[9],"Continuous":[10],"Wave":[11],"(FMCW)":[12],"radar":[13,30,48,55],"system":[14,31,49,56],"equipped":[15],"with":[16],"high-gain":[18,90],"lens":[19,66,82],"antenna":[20,46,67,83,107],"for":[21,35,77],"detection":[23,128,160],"human":[25,37,131,144],"targets":[26,132,145],"behind":[27],"walls.":[28],"The":[29,53,81,149],"parameters":[32],"were":[33,50],"designed":[34],"through-the-wall":[36,79,163],"detection,":[38],"and":[39,47,63,89,109,159],"based":[40],"on":[41],"these":[42],"parameters,":[43],"both":[44,157],"developed":[51],"accordingly.":[52],"proposed":[54],"harnesses":[57],"benefits":[59],"dual":[61],"polarization":[62,115],"compact":[65,98],"to":[68,86],"enhance":[69],"signal-to-noise":[71],"ratio":[72],"(SNR),":[73],"critical":[75],"parameter":[76],"accurate":[78],"detection.":[80],"is":[84],"engineered":[85],"provide":[87],"wideband":[88],"performance":[91],"in":[92,142,156,162],"X-band":[94],"while":[95],"maintaining":[96],"form":[99],"factor,":[100],"effectively":[101],"addressing":[102],"conventional":[104],"trade-offs":[105],"between":[106],"size":[108],"performance.":[110],"Furthermore,":[111],"application":[113],"synthesis":[116,151],"markedly":[117],"enhances":[118],"SNR":[120,158],"received":[123],"signal,":[124],"enabling":[125],"more":[126],"reliable":[127],"multiple":[130],"through":[133,146],"wall.":[135,148],"Experimental":[136],"validation":[137],"demonstrates":[138],"systems":[140],"efficacy":[141],"detecting":[143],"dual-polarization":[150],"technique":[152],"yields":[153],"substantial":[154],"improvements":[155],"accuracy":[161],"scenarios.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}