{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414166023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3607793","title":"A Novel Nonstationary UAV-to-Multi-USV Channel Model for Maritime Communications","display_name":"A Novel Nonstationary UAV-to-Multi-USV Channel Model for Maritime Communications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414166023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3607793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3607793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3607793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388223","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345674","display_name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-0442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100671312","display_name":"Xinru Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-4604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinru Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079442002","display_name":"Hengtai Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7020-7574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengtai Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067124131","display_name":"Jie Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-2906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063356851","display_name":"Ji Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9297-4205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101832426","display_name":"Zhichao Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3052-4503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichao Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100388223"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30369617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"23","first_page":"50067","last_page":"50081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6474000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse-response","display_name":"Impulse response","score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trunking","display_name":"Trunking","score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-delay-profile","display_name":"Power delay profile","score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.3472000062465668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6521000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6474000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72279823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139726","display_name":"Impulse response","level":2,"score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151395432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020782","display_name":"Trunking","level":2,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776250087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938869","display_name":"Power delay profile","level":5,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70836080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837940","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.383899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53622274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2496679","display_name":"Correlation function (quantum field theory)","level":3,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987248590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4419860","display_name":"Unmanned surface vehicle","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3607793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3607793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3618607475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2024MF062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4778970905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G566322634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5724131375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6362528666","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025D03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336270","funder_display_name":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8288056461","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301365","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336270","display_name":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76724451","https://openalex.org/W1652958548","https://openalex.org/W1997618257","https://openalex.org/W1999795607","https://openalex.org/W2000323288","https://openalex.org/W2004430303","https://openalex.org/W2021912909","https://openalex.org/W2067557309","https://openalex.org/W2164887629","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2560248164","https://openalex.org/W2963898372","https://openalex.org/W2976765088","https://openalex.org/W3080856920","https://openalex.org/W3107035074","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3175219873","https://openalex.org/W3183530716","https://openalex.org/W4206632820","https://openalex.org/W4293093774","https://openalex.org/W4315783195","https://openalex.org/W4378842777","https://openalex.org/W4379797951","https://openalex.org/W4380451046","https://openalex.org/W4385627151","https://openalex.org/W4386025729","https://openalex.org/W4388872652","https://openalex.org/W4389161147","https://openalex.org/W4389304641","https://openalex.org/W4391941434","https://openalex.org/W4391992794","https://openalex.org/W4396712589","https://openalex.org/W4400275490","https://openalex.org/W4403050250"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,84],"the":[1,4,11,47,52,56,88,102,112,118,137,145,190,210],"development":[2],"of":[3,13,38,117,128,144,178,198,214],"sixth-generation":[5],"(6G)":[6],"wireless":[7],"communication":[8,220],"technologies":[9],"and":[10,41,60,92,100,104,121,134,168,180,201,212],"realization":[12],"integrated":[14],"space\u2013air\u2013ground\u2013sea":[15],"networks,":[16],"a":[17,70,196],"novel":[18],"nonstationary":[19],"unmanned":[20],"aerial":[21],"vehicle":[22,27,67],"(UAV)":[23],"to":[24,98],"multi-unmanned":[25],"surface":[26,43,66],"(multiUSV)":[28],"channel":[29,48,113,147,169,184],"model":[30,205],"for":[31,209],"maritime":[32,217],"communications":[33],"is":[34,78,131,193],"proposed.":[35],"The":[36,126,176],"impacts":[37],"evaporation":[39],"duct":[40],"sea":[42],"scattering":[44],"paths":[45],"on":[46,75,182],"are":[49,96,124,174,186],"considered":[50],"in":[51],"model.":[53],"To":[54],"describe":[55],"related":[57],"cooperative,":[58,119],"noncooperative,":[59,120],"original":[61,122],"characteristics":[62,185],"among":[63],"different":[64,172],"UAV-to-unmanned":[65],"(USV)":[68],"channels,":[69],"cooperative":[71,86,103,129,166,219],"degree":[72],"parameter":[73],"based":[74],"power":[76],"distribution":[77,127],"introduced":[79],"as":[80],"an":[81],"influencing":[82],"factor.":[83],"classifying":[85],"clusters,":[87],"KPowerMeans":[89],"(KPM)":[90],"algorithm":[91],"birth\u2013death":[93],"(B\u2013D)":[94],"process":[95],"applied":[97],"extract":[99],"cluster":[101],"noncooperative":[105],"paths,":[106],"followed":[107],"by":[108,136],"their":[109],"evolution.":[110],"Furthermore,":[111],"impulse":[114],"responses":[115],"(CIRs)":[116],"channels":[123],"represented.":[125],"clusters":[130],"then":[132],"analyzed":[133],"fitted":[135],"normal":[138],"distribution.":[139],"Several":[140],"typical":[141],"statistical":[142],"properties":[143],"proposed":[146],"model,":[148],"including":[149],"auto-correlation":[150],"function":[151,154],"(ACF),":[152],"cross-correlation":[153],"(CCF),":[155],"root":[156],"mean":[157],"square":[158],"delay":[159],"spread":[160],"(RMS":[161],"DS),":[162],"stationary":[163],"intervalss":[164],"(SIs),":[165],"degree,":[167],"correlation":[170],"across":[171],"USVs,":[173],"examined.":[175],"effects":[177],"speed":[179],"altitude":[181],"specific":[183],"also":[187],"analyzed.":[188],"Finally,":[189],"model\u2019s":[191],"accuracy":[192],"verified":[194],"through":[195],"comparison":[197],"available":[199],"measured":[200],"simulated":[202],"data.":[203],"This":[204],"provides":[206],"theoretical":[207],"guidance":[208],"design":[211],"evaluation":[213],"future":[215],"6G":[216],"multiuser":[218],"systems.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
