{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414079721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3607492","title":"Dynamic LEO Satellite Routing Approach Based on Deep Graph Attention and Incremental Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Dynamic LEO Satellite Routing Approach Based on Deep Graph Attention and Incremental Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414079721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3607492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3607492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3607492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090130570","display_name":"Zheheng Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-7732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheheng Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-7732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102728521","display_name":"Zhenyu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-1074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014862300","display_name":"Ye Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-9307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-9307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009029522","display_name":"Yanyan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3357-249X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3357-249X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073957898","display_name":"Yanyu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-9376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-9376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.814,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96853803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"23","first_page":"50126","last_page":"50142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-dynamics","display_name":"Network dynamics","score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-routing","display_name":"Hierarchical routing","score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-network-analysis","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","score":0.35280001163482666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123757187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9195957","display_name":"Network dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177818476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12878103","display_name":"Hierarchical routing","level":5,"score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94600068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7371621","display_name":"Routing domain","level":5,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196423136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209671","display_name":"Policy-based routing","level":5,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139940560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290036","display_name":"Network simulation","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207002847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912857","display_name":"Evolution strategy","level":3,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61776360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5250441","display_name":"Deep space exploration","level":4,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104060986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180046","display_name":"Space exploration","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24856439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352483","display_name":"Adaptive routing","level":5,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3607492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3607492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5301642844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY24F020017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5974932335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3902804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7313580105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42271425","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8228683602","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42271431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096657178","https://openalex.org/W2101894596","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2276802311","https://openalex.org/W2753412869","https://openalex.org/W3029869916","https://openalex.org/W3034077950","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3091795298","https://openalex.org/W3095076735","https://openalex.org/W3096881138","https://openalex.org/W3131309288","https://openalex.org/W3164436820","https://openalex.org/W3167615582","https://openalex.org/W3174361708","https://openalex.org/W3211560509","https://openalex.org/W4205354047","https://openalex.org/W4206600936","https://openalex.org/W4253080534","https://openalex.org/W4281749656","https://openalex.org/W4283171586","https://openalex.org/W4285224822","https://openalex.org/W4308436323","https://openalex.org/W4309284213","https://openalex.org/W4312256454","https://openalex.org/W4312810460","https://openalex.org/W4313855707","https://openalex.org/W4319988979","https://openalex.org/W4322123863","https://openalex.org/W4378619368","https://openalex.org/W4385627079","https://openalex.org/W4385816171","https://openalex.org/W4387870834","https://openalex.org/W4388505126","https://openalex.org/W4390205049","https://openalex.org/W4390480758","https://openalex.org/W4391019653","https://openalex.org/W4391678724","https://openalex.org/W4391791437","https://openalex.org/W4391791566","https://openalex.org/W4391945833","https://openalex.org/W4396529588","https://openalex.org/W4398187714","https://openalex.org/W4401609013","https://openalex.org/W4402810503","https://openalex.org/W4403651103","https://openalex.org/W4411866842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380551608","https://openalex.org/W2142355100","https://openalex.org/W2061862411","https://openalex.org/W2069696496","https://openalex.org/W2138332953","https://openalex.org/W2738408817","https://openalex.org/W2068680190","https://openalex.org/W2551397502","https://openalex.org/W1998565297","https://openalex.org/W2183199679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"Earth":[1],"orbit":[2],"(LEO)":[3],"satellite":[4,50,66,87,194,204],"networks":[5],"are":[6],"an":[7,104,188],"important":[8],"component":[9],"of":[10,19,34,84,119,134,143,170],"future":[11],"6G.":[12],"However,":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,42,80,139,172],"the":[16,20,24,31,35,48,82,120,131,141,165,174,241],"unique":[17],"characteristics":[18],"space":[21],"environment\u2014such":[22],"as":[23,128,130],"complexity":[25],"in":[26,47,147,182,201],"modeling":[27],"network":[28,36,51,56,88,122,215,222],"states":[29,133],"and":[30,74,136,233],"rapid":[32],"dynamics":[33],"topology\u2014existing":[37],"routing":[38,45,67,145,199],"methods":[39],"often":[40],"struggle":[41],"make":[43],"appropriate":[44],"decisions":[46],"LEO":[49,121,214],"context,":[52],"which":[53],"significantly":[54],"limits":[55],"transmission":[57],"performance.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,113,151],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,90,186],"propose":[63],"a":[64,92,110],"dynamic":[65,203],"method":[68],"based":[69,97,192],"on":[70,98,193],"deep":[71,99,158],"graph":[72,100],"attention":[73],"incremental":[75,189],"evolution":[76,154],"strategy":[77,181],"(DGA-IES).":[78],"Firstly,":[79],"address":[81],"challenge":[83],"accurately":[85],"perceiving":[86],"information,":[89],"introduce":[91],"topological":[93],"perception":[94],"learning":[95,160],"model":[96,114],"attention.":[101],"By":[102],"combining":[103],"enhanced":[105],"message":[106],"passing":[107],"process":[108,191],"with":[109,240],"self-attention":[111],"mechanism,":[112],"effectively":[115],"captures":[116],"complex":[117],"features":[118],"state,":[123],"including":[124],"inter-satellite":[125],"connectivity":[126],"relationships,":[127],"well":[129],"resource":[132],"satellites":[135],"links.":[137],"Secondly,":[138],"tackle":[140],"problem":[142],"inefficient":[144],"re-convergence":[146],"rapidly":[148],"changing":[149],"topologies,":[150],"paper":[152],"integrates":[153],"strategies":[155],"(ES)":[156],"into":[157],"reinforcement":[159],"(DRL)":[161],"approaches.":[162,243],"We":[163],"use":[164],"global":[166],"parallel":[167],"processing":[168],"capabilities":[169],"ES":[171],"replace":[173],"sequential":[175],"interactive":[176],"proximal":[177],"policy":[178],"optimization":[179],"(PPO)":[180],"existing":[183],"DRL.":[184],"Moreover,":[185],"design":[187],"evolutionary":[190],"motion":[195],"patterns,":[196],"facilitating":[197],"efficient":[198],"convergence":[200],"highly":[202],"environments.":[205],"Experimental":[206],"results":[207],"demonstrate":[208],"that":[209],"our":[210],"DGA-IES":[211],"approach":[212],"enhances":[213],"load":[216],"balancing":[217],"by":[218,224,230,236],"reducing":[219],"end-to-end":[220],"(E2E)":[221],"latency":[223],"10.3%":[225],"58.1%,":[226],"decreasing":[227],"packet":[228],"loss":[229],"3.8%":[231],"20.0%,":[232],"improving":[234],"throughput":[235],"11.1%":[237],"57.0%":[238],"compared":[239],"benchmark":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}