{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413785554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3603131","title":"SMO-ISTA-Net: A Synergistic Multistage Optimization Deep-Unfolding JADCE Framework for GFRA in LEO Satellite-Based IoT Systems","display_name":"SMO-ISTA-Net: A Synergistic Multistage Optimization Deep-Unfolding JADCE Framework for GFRA in LEO Satellite-Based IoT Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413785554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3603131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3603131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3603131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754196","display_name":"Li Zhen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6340-2873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6340-2873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuanbo Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5838-4444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanbo Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5838-4444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036247090","display_name":"Mingyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1455-1524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1455-1524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000607183","display_name":"Yuxuan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4325-3783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4325-3783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071183299","display_name":"Jing Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-912X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-912X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010362029","display_name":"Guangyue Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-9207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyue Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-9207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002566516","display_name":"Pei Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28131901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"3645","last_page":"3660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.86080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.86080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.8330000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.7537000179290771,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7244611978530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6914649605751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6411569118499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.6257323026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.4880739450454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.41903677582740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3738805055618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.18262872099876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.14162331819534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10450899600982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07768610119819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07097592949867249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7244611978530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6914649605751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6411569118499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6257323026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.4880739450454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.41903677582740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3738805055618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.18262872099876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.14162331819534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10450899600982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07768610119819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07097592949867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3603131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3603131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3258397701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025JC-YBQN-793","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3831873211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5374326328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 2024GX-YBXM-064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6304693637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024GX-YBXM-064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7843392082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 61901370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1757098471","https://openalex.org/W1849979240","https://openalex.org/W2000462146","https://openalex.org/W2117575248","https://openalex.org/W2492495631","https://openalex.org/W2548516812","https://openalex.org/W2706056020","https://openalex.org/W2784331297","https://openalex.org/W2798559986","https://openalex.org/W2798574788","https://openalex.org/W2811365745","https://openalex.org/W2890736047","https://openalex.org/W3001370401","https://openalex.org/W3007804894","https://openalex.org/W3024927049","https://openalex.org/W3117899361","https://openalex.org/W3135109547","https://openalex.org/W3162169943","https://openalex.org/W3174300208","https://openalex.org/W3185097200","https://openalex.org/W3196860475","https://openalex.org/W3196979233","https://openalex.org/W3202039069","https://openalex.org/W3203949114","https://openalex.org/W3212812426","https://openalex.org/W4223631436","https://openalex.org/W4226242403","https://openalex.org/W4285198533","https://openalex.org/W4297095228","https://openalex.org/W4312845821","https://openalex.org/W4321607990","https://openalex.org/W4376466507","https://openalex.org/W4385894332","https://openalex.org/W4388145504","https://openalex.org/W4388726103","https://openalex.org/W4391945833","https://openalex.org/W4401806258","https://openalex.org/W4402509341","https://openalex.org/W4406321277","https://openalex.org/W4406610694","https://openalex.org/W4408399475","https://openalex.org/W4409356441","https://openalex.org/W4411359115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4410295802","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W2028190576","https://openalex.org/W4206958678","https://openalex.org/W2373343648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,31,69,104,122,166,181,213],"uplink":[4],"massive":[5,85],"grant-free":[6],"random":[7],"access":[8,129],"in":[9,47],"low-earth-orbit":[10],"(LEO)":[11],"satellite-based":[12],"Internet-of-Things":[13],"systems,":[14],"where":[15,96],"accurate":[16],"joint":[17],"activity":[18],"detection":[19],"and":[20,34,53,112,130,146,176,200,208],"channel":[21,143],"estimation":[22,51,198],"(JADCE)":[23],"is":[24,101],"essential":[25],"for":[26],"reliable":[27],"data":[28],"recovery.":[29],"However,":[30],"resource":[32],"constraint":[33],"high-dynamic":[35],"characteristic":[36],"of":[37,49,180],"LEO":[38,187],"scenarios":[39,188],"pose":[40],"significant":[41],"challenges":[42],"to":[43,79,82,108,114,120,171,212],"traditional":[44],"JADCE":[45,65,216],"schemes":[46],"terms":[48],"both":[50],"accuracy":[52],"computational":[54,206],"complexity.":[55],"To":[56],"overcome":[57],"these":[58],"limitations,":[59],"we":[60,89,133,152],"propose":[61,153],"a":[62,92,136,154,160],"novel":[63],"deep-unfolding":[64],"framework":[66],"based":[67],"on":[68],"synergistic":[70,93],"multi-stage":[71,148],"optimization":[72,99],"iterative":[73],"shrinkage":[74],"thresholding":[75],"algorithm":[76],"network,":[77],"referred":[78],"as":[80,170],"SMO-ISTA-Net,":[81],"facilitate":[83],"efficient":[84,142],"device":[86],"access.":[87],"Specifically,":[88],"first":[90],"develop":[91],"attention":[94],"module,":[95],"an":[97],"inertia-guided":[98],"strategy":[100],"introduced":[102],"into":[103,165],"gradient":[105],"descent":[106],"process":[107],"improve":[109],"convergence":[110,196],"stability":[111],"adaptability":[113],"fast-varying":[115],"satellite":[116],"channels.":[117],"In":[118],"order":[119],"mitigate":[121],"temporal":[123],"feature":[124,144],"inconsistency":[125],"caused":[126],"by":[127],"asynchronous":[128],"multi-path":[131],"propagation,":[132],"further":[134],"design":[135],"lightweight":[137],"cross-attention":[138],"mechanism":[139,164],"that":[140,158,190],"enables":[141],"fusion":[145],"facilitates":[147],"information":[149,174],"interaction.":[150],"Moreover,":[151],"memory-enhanced":[155],"proximal-mapping":[156],"module":[157],"incorporates":[159],"high-throughput":[161],"short-term":[162],"memory":[163,178],"unfolded":[167],"structure,":[168],"so":[169],"significantly":[172],"reduce":[173],"loss":[175],"maximize":[177],"retention":[179],"network.":[182],"Extensive":[183],"simulations":[184],"under":[185],"diverse":[186],"demonstrated":[189],"our":[191],"scheme":[192],"can":[193],"achieve":[194],"superior":[195],"speed,":[197],"accuracy,":[199],"preamble":[201],"efficiency,":[202],"while":[203],"maintaining":[204],"low":[205],"complexity":[207],"short":[209],"runtime,":[210],"compared":[211],"state-of-the-art":[214],"model-driven":[215],"schemes.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}