{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413554857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3602642","title":"Reliable Covert Communication in NOMA-Aided Cognitive Satellite Aerial Terrestrial Integrated Networks","display_name":"Reliable Covert Communication in NOMA-Aided Cognitive Satellite Aerial Terrestrial Integrated Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413554857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3602642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3602642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3602642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116585351","display_name":"Peilin Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8951-810X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peilin Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8951-810X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045112536","display_name":"Kefeng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-2057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kefeng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-2057","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090587594","display_name":"Ali Nauman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-5286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Nauman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-5286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qihui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-5084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-5084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101890470","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2801-8984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2801-8984","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076278757","display_name":"Zeke Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-9513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeke Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Space Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-9513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Space Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071647281","display_name":"Keshav Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-4518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshav Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-4518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.9442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99280394,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"7989","last_page":"8002"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7531946301460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5835742354393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.5804925560951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4960266053676605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.47333723306655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.45845478773117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3652627766132355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3640091121196747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3358529210090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.2713169455528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1498282253742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10127180814743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09273558855056763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7531946301460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5835742354393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.5804925560951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4960266053676605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.47333723306655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.45845478773117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3652627766132355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3640091121196747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3358529210090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.2713169455528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1498282253742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10127180814743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09273558855056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3602642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3602642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G100542561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011406179","https://openalex.org/W2051096202","https://openalex.org/W2115324684","https://openalex.org/W2149200615","https://openalex.org/W2157005274","https://openalex.org/W2501406329","https://openalex.org/W2522847968","https://openalex.org/W2729697725","https://openalex.org/W2754740035","https://openalex.org/W2765635381","https://openalex.org/W2783236638","https://openalex.org/W2805974611","https://openalex.org/W2809298244","https://openalex.org/W2894640237","https://openalex.org/W2898641569","https://openalex.org/W2911165953","https://openalex.org/W2911529145","https://openalex.org/W2944988357","https://openalex.org/W2964309731","https://openalex.org/W2975208138","https://openalex.org/W2998189737","https://openalex.org/W3008705472","https://openalex.org/W3016116574","https://openalex.org/W3082569957","https://openalex.org/W3119981021","https://openalex.org/W3120881540","https://openalex.org/W3156319708","https://openalex.org/W3172818029","https://openalex.org/W3212600915","https://openalex.org/W4205497313","https://openalex.org/W4221052923","https://openalex.org/W4319068628","https://openalex.org/W4365801644","https://openalex.org/W4393033138","https://openalex.org/W4393378948","https://openalex.org/W4395447243","https://openalex.org/W4400276318","https://openalex.org/W4402978541","https://openalex.org/W4403022260","https://openalex.org/W4404688383","https://openalex.org/W4405522755","https://openalex.org/W4406610794","https://openalex.org/W4406689853","https://openalex.org/W4408124987","https://openalex.org/W4409097431","https://openalex.org/W4409261274","https://openalex.org/W4410737858","https://openalex.org/W4410852369","https://openalex.org/W4410852389","https://openalex.org/W4412082104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W4404253608","https://openalex.org/W3010814398","https://openalex.org/W4385197899","https://openalex.org/W4316136125","https://openalex.org/W2028190576","https://openalex.org/W4206958678","https://openalex.org/W2373343648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"NOMA-aided":[0],"cognitive":[1],"satellite":[2,151],"aerial":[3,39,63],"terrestrial":[4],"integrated":[5],"networks":[6],"(CSATINs)":[7],"are":[8,112],"considered":[9,106],"revolutionary":[10],"and":[11,26,89,126,145,152],"key":[12],"technologies":[13],"for":[14],"6G":[15],"Internet":[16],"of":[17,49,80,104,118,128,149],"Things":[18],"(6G-IoT),":[19],"offering":[20],"enhanced":[21,135],"connectivity,":[22],"high":[23],"spectral":[24],"efficiency,":[25],"broad":[27],"coverage.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"article,":[31],"we":[32,59,75],"first":[33],"establish":[34],"trustworthy":[35],"CSATINs":[36],"with":[37],"multiple":[38],"relays,":[40],"aiming":[41],"to":[42,53,99,114],"achieve":[43],"reliable":[44],"communication":[45],"in":[46],"the":[47,55,70,77,101,105,116,119,124,129,139,146,150],"presence":[48],"an":[50,61,95],"eavesdropper.":[51],"Then,":[52],"enhance":[54,100],"system\u2019s":[56],"covert":[57,72,85,91,102],"performance,":[58],"propose":[60],"unmanned":[62],"vehicle":[64],"scheduling":[65],"scheme.":[66],"Moreover,":[67],"based":[68],"on":[69],"established":[71],"system":[73,131],"model,":[74],"derive":[76],"closed-form":[78],"expressions":[79],"detection":[81],"error":[82],"probability":[83,87],"(DEP),":[84],"outage":[86],"(COP),":[88],"effective":[90],"rate":[92],"(ECR).":[93],"Particularly,":[94],"optimization":[96],"is":[97],"proposed":[98,130],"performance":[103],"system.":[107],"Finally,":[108],"Monte":[109],"Carlo":[110],"simulations":[111],"given":[113],"validate":[115],"correctness":[117],"theoretical":[120],"analysis,":[121],"demonstrating":[122],"that":[123],"reliability":[125],"covertness":[127],"can":[132],"be":[133],"simultaneously":[134],"by":[136],"appropriately":[137],"adjusting":[138],"power":[140,148],"allocation":[141],"coefficients,":[142],"jamming":[143],"power,":[144],"transmission":[147],"UAVs.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}