{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413277266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3599536","title":"Energy-Efficient Index and Code Index Modulations for Spread CPM Signals in Internet of Things","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Index and Code Index Modulations for Spread CPM Signals in Internet of Things","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413277266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3599536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3599536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3599536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102162194","display_name":"Long Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Long Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062092919","display_name":"Wenkun Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1915-7748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126929","display_name":"CE Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02pw67e25","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126929"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenkun Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["R and D Department of the Techphant Technologies Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R and D Department of the Techphant Technologies Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101880138","display_name":"Junlin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-2907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126929","display_name":"CE Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02pw67e25","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126929"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junlin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["R and D Department of the Techphant Technologies Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R and D Department of the Techphant Technologies Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033422280","display_name":"Peiran Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9747-3629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiran Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052938144","display_name":"Minghua Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0820-2227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghua Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102162194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76502725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9569000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7515174746513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.6465499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5239964723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5153624415397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.43058642745018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39845582842826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10969486832618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09904301166534424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7515174746513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.6465499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5239964723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5153624415397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.43058642745018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39845582842826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10969486832618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09904301166534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3599536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3599536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065457896","https://openalex.org/W3173234801","https://openalex.org/W2167984027","https://openalex.org/W3021302227","https://openalex.org/W10630519","https://openalex.org/W1919377569","https://openalex.org/W3144288563","https://openalex.org/W3123907821","https://openalex.org/W2382319620","https://openalex.org/W2164026370"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59,85],"evolution":[1],"of":[2,4,56,136,171],"Internet":[3],"Things":[5],"technologies":[6],"is":[7,106],"driven":[8],"by":[9,51],"four":[10],"key":[11],"demands:":[12],"ultra-low":[13],"power":[14,149],"consumption,":[15],"high":[16],"spectral":[17,78,141,179],"efficiency,":[18,144],"reduced":[19],"implementation":[20],"cost,":[21],"and":[22,112,142,147,180,183],"support":[23],"for":[24],"massive":[25],"connectivity.":[26],"To":[27],"address":[28],"these":[29],"challenges,":[30],"this":[31],"paper":[32],"proposes":[33],"two":[34],"novel":[35],"modulation":[36,42,66,95],"schemes":[37,120,161],"that":[38,103,159],"integrate":[39],"continuous":[40],"phase":[41],"(CPM)":[43],"with":[44],"spread":[45],"spectrum":[46],"(SS)":[47],"techniques.":[48],"We":[49,130],"begin":[50],"establishing":[52],"the":[53,73,82,99,113,169],"quasi-orthogonality":[54],"properties":[55],"CPM-SS":[57,74,116],"sequences.":[58],"first":[60],"scheme,":[61,87],"termed":[62],"IM-CPM-SS,":[63],"employs":[64],"index":[65,94],"(IM)":[67],"to":[68,89,108,115,123,187],"select":[69],"spreading":[70],"sequences":[71],"from":[72],"set,":[75],"thereby":[76],"improving":[77],"efficiency":[79,182],"while":[80,167],"maintaining":[81],"constant-envelope":[83],"property.":[84],"second":[86],"referred":[88],"as":[90],"CIM-CPM-SS,":[91],"introduces":[92],"code":[93],"(CIM),":[96],"which":[97],"partitions":[98],"input":[100],"bits":[101],"such":[102],"one":[104],"subset":[105],"mapped":[107],"phase-shift":[109],"keying":[110],"symbols":[111],"other":[114],"sequence":[117],"indices.":[118],"Both":[119],"are":[121],"applied":[122],"downlink":[124,191],"non-orthogonal":[125],"multiple":[126],"access":[127],"(NOMA)":[128],"systems.":[129],"analyze":[131],"their":[132],"performance":[133],"in":[134,165,190],"terms":[135],"bit":[137],"error":[138],"rate":[139],"(BER),":[140],"energy":[143,181],"computational":[145],"complexity,":[146],"peak-to-average":[148],"ratio":[150],"characteristics":[151],"under":[152],"nonlinear":[153,188],"amplifier":[154],"conditions.":[155],"Simulation":[156],"results":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"both":[160],"outperform":[162],"conventional":[163],"approaches":[164],"BER":[166],"preserving":[168],"benefits":[170],"constant-envelope,":[172],"continuous-phase":[173],"signaling.":[174],"Furthermore,":[175],"they":[176],"achieve":[177],"higher":[178],"exhibit":[184],"strong":[185],"resilience":[186],"distortions":[189],"NOMA":[192],"scenarios.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
