{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413120406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3596949","title":"One Stone, Three Birds: Prototype-Enhanced Federated Learning for Mitigating Data Scarcity, Imbalance, and Heterogeneity in Blade Icing Detection Across Distributed Wind Farms","display_name":"One Stone, Three Birds: Prototype-Enhanced Federated Learning for Mitigating Data Scarcity, Imbalance, and Heterogeneity in Blade Icing Detection Across Distributed Wind Farms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413120406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3596949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3596949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3596949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lele Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8458-8604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lele Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), the Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8458-8604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), the Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034243574","display_name":"Mengna Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4729-0592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengna Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), the Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4729-0592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), the Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091339016","display_name":"Xu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4724-5748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), the Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4724-5748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), the Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chen Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-479X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), the Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-479X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), the Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735899","display_name":"Xiufeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5133-6688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiufeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5133-6688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055627037","display_name":"Shengyong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-3831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengyong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), the Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-3831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), the Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education), and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91680967,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"20","first_page":"43559","last_page":"43570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12696","display_name":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12696","display_name":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14445","display_name":"Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis","score":0.9053000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blade","display_name":"Blade (archaeology)","score":0.7020142078399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.651557981967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icing","display_name":"Icing","score":0.6493128538131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarcity","display_name":"Scarcity","score":0.5739971995353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3302781581878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3259482681751251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.23217818140983582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1785883605480194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.1282287836074829}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776132848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045036","display_name":"Blade (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7020142078399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.651557981967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781439067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5986479","display_name":"Icing","level":2,"score":0.6493128538131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.5739971995353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3302781581878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3259482681751251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23217818140983582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1785883605480194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.1282287836074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3596949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3596949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1592249304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62020106004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6659359633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23JCJQJC000070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7019423644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T2422015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7112519480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62306212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2338231622","https://openalex.org/W2510075747","https://openalex.org/W2551393996","https://openalex.org/W2617185043","https://openalex.org/W2783323081","https://openalex.org/W2892035503","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2914587951","https://openalex.org/W2963113370","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963691377","https://openalex.org/W2996972709","https://openalex.org/W2998010409","https://openalex.org/W2998782644","https://openalex.org/W3004891182","https://openalex.org/W3016632787","https://openalex.org/W3080934299","https://openalex.org/W3091870957","https://openalex.org/W3119381431","https://openalex.org/W3165943966","https://openalex.org/W3175581607","https://openalex.org/W3189124218","https://openalex.org/W3202645507","https://openalex.org/W4220818776","https://openalex.org/W4225482284","https://openalex.org/W4226322519","https://openalex.org/W4282928985","https://openalex.org/W4283796083","https://openalex.org/W4296371377","https://openalex.org/W4309332682","https://openalex.org/W4375928813","https://openalex.org/W4375929010","https://openalex.org/W4387105517","https://openalex.org/W4387133486","https://openalex.org/W4399639416","https://openalex.org/W4402509196","https://openalex.org/W4405269991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361469493","https://openalex.org/W2996972709","https://openalex.org/W2371515881","https://openalex.org/W2035672394","https://openalex.org/W2365363448","https://openalex.org/W2584952306","https://openalex.org/W4232289820","https://openalex.org/W2385192825","https://openalex.org/W4379525197","https://openalex.org/W4290609988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wind":[0],"turbine":[1],"blade":[2],"icing":[3,20],"poses":[4],"a":[5,40,115,123],"critical":[6],"challenge":[7,25],"to":[8,86,131],"wind":[9,102,106],"power":[10],"generation":[11],"in":[12,119,126],"high-latitude":[13],"regions,":[14],"necessitating":[15],"innovative":[16],"solutions":[17],"for":[18],"reliable":[19],"detection.":[21],"To":[22],"address":[23],"this":[24,37],"while":[26],"leveraging":[27],"the":[28,61,89,127],"abundance":[29],"of":[30,92],"unlabeled":[31],"data":[32,35,76],"and":[33,52,64,122],"preserving":[34],"privacy,":[36],"study":[38],"proposes":[39],"novel":[41],"federated":[42,53,70],"semi-supervised":[43],"prototype":[44,50],"learning":[45,51],"framework,":[46],"FedIce.":[47],"By":[48],"integrating":[49],"learning,":[54],"FedIce":[55,110],"extracts":[56],"representative":[57],"class":[58,93],"prototypes":[59],"at":[60],"client":[62],"level":[63],"performs":[65],"global":[66],"model":[67],"updates":[68],"through":[69],"averaging,":[71],"significantly":[72],"enhancing":[73],"robustness":[74],"against":[75],"heterogeneity.":[77],"Additionally,":[78],"it":[79],"incorporates":[80],"an":[81],"advanced":[82],"separation":[83],"margin":[84],"strategy":[85],"effectively":[87],"alleviate":[88],"adverse":[90],"effects":[91],"imbalance.":[94],"Comprehensive":[95],"experiments":[96],"using":[97],"real-world":[98],"datasets":[99],"from":[100],"20":[101],"turbines":[103],"across":[104],"two":[105],"farms":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"that":[109],"outperforms":[111],"existing":[112],"methods,":[113],"achieving":[114],"remarkable":[116],"95.58%":[117],"improvement":[118],"the$mF_{\\beta":[120],"}$metric":[121],"33.25%":[124],"enhancement":[125],"mBA":[128],"metric":[129],"compared":[130],"FedMatch.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}