{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412722093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3593588","title":"Federated CNN-Transformer: Enabling Distributed Sensing-Assisted Beam Prediction in ISAC Systems for IoT Applications","display_name":"Federated CNN-Transformer: Enabling Distributed Sensing-Assisted Beam Prediction in ISAC Systems for IoT Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412722093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3593588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3593588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3593588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111278039","display_name":"Xiaotong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5009-459X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5009-459X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072506119","display_name":"Quan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1547-3065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1547-3065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102088974","display_name":"Qingqing Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0573-0665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124822","display_name":"State Development & Investment Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/030mq9680","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Development and Investment Corporation, Beijing, China","State Development and Investment Corp, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Development and Investment Corporation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Development and Investment Corp, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073174557","display_name":"Yanxi Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-6919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanxi Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110716707","display_name":"Yanfu Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9651-8725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuntian Brian Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","STEM College, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9651-8725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STEM College, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085403638","display_name":"Qu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-6807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-6807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102890552","display_name":"Ronghui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-0638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-0638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83713516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"5531","last_page":"5543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.7883999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.7883999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.7254999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.7021999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7993496656417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5041292905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4943881034851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.37666141986846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32569417357444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3113695979118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.22937887907028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08906283974647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08309176564216614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7993496656417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5041292905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4943881034851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.37666141986846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32569417357444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3113695979118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22937887907028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08906283974647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08309176564216614}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3593588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3593588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5010790668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515011866","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5030185484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GZB20240934","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6028325879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42401521","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6124141988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W3018102029","https://openalex.org/W3057898108","https://openalex.org/W3085854806","https://openalex.org/W3100303558","https://openalex.org/W3127643284","https://openalex.org/W3135259750","https://openalex.org/W3161594686","https://openalex.org/W3162720533","https://openalex.org/W3163731022","https://openalex.org/W3209696639","https://openalex.org/W3213045530","https://openalex.org/W3213965409","https://openalex.org/W4206586673","https://openalex.org/W4311168005","https://openalex.org/W4312068981","https://openalex.org/W4312770573","https://openalex.org/W4312831872","https://openalex.org/W4317796282","https://openalex.org/W4361770824","https://openalex.org/W4366331238","https://openalex.org/W4367146608","https://openalex.org/W4379382376","https://openalex.org/W4382618630","https://openalex.org/W4385881982","https://openalex.org/W4385882030","https://openalex.org/W4386869601","https://openalex.org/W4387805498","https://openalex.org/W4387870868","https://openalex.org/W4391547794","https://openalex.org/W4392719430","https://openalex.org/W4399039612","https://openalex.org/W4400111285","https://openalex.org/W4400188098","https://openalex.org/W4401070271","https://openalex.org/W4401379991","https://openalex.org/W4402510860","https://openalex.org/W4402569049","https://openalex.org/W4403277537","https://openalex.org/W4403511053","https://openalex.org/W4403677254","https://openalex.org/W4403864176","https://openalex.org/W4405844903","https://openalex.org/W4406857012","https://openalex.org/W4408047886"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4410295802","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W3031181660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrated":[0],"Sensing":[1],"and":[2,23,35,46,71,87,159,180,191,232],"Communication":[3],"(ISAC)":[4],"technology":[5],"provides":[6],"robust":[7],"support":[8],"for":[9,43,108,138,182],"the":[10,13,32,74,136,163,183,195,235],"development":[11],"of":[12,15,37,165,194,229,237],"Internet":[14],"Things":[16],"(IoT)":[17],"by":[18],"leveraging":[19],"its":[20],"powerful":[21],"sensing":[22,167,196],"communication":[24,33,48],"capabilities.":[25],"Sensing-assisted":[26],"beam":[27,57,111],"prediction":[28,58,85,112,200,220],"techniques":[29],"effectively":[30,187],"enhance":[31],"quality":[34],"efficiency":[36],"ISAC":[38,114],"systems,":[39],"which":[40,65,186],"is":[41,77,153],"crucial":[42],"achieving":[44],"high-speed":[45],"stable":[47],"among":[49],"IoT":[50,95],"devices.":[51],"However,":[52],"ensuring":[53],"high":[54,84],"accuracy":[55,86,221],"in":[56,93,113,162,219,227],"typically":[59],"relies":[60],"on":[61],"traditional":[62,208],"centralized":[63,209],"architectures,":[64],"intrinsically":[66],"pose":[67],"risks":[68],"to":[69,135,157,207],"privacy":[70,148,231],"security":[72,89],"when":[73],"central":[75],"server":[76,137],"compromised.":[78],"Therefore,":[79],"this":[80,99,151],"inherent":[81],"trade-off":[82],"between":[83],"data":[88,147,230,238],"poses":[90],"significant":[91,217],"challenges":[92],"privacy-sensitive":[94],"deployments.":[96],"To":[97,169],"resolve":[98],"fundamental":[100],"contradiction,":[101],"we":[102,172],"propose":[103,118],"a":[104,174],"federated":[105,121],"CNN-Transformer":[106],"method":[107,213],"distributed":[109],"sensing-assisted":[110],"systems.":[115],"Specifically,":[116],"We":[117],"an":[119],"improved":[120],"learning":[122],"(FL)":[123],"framework":[124],"where":[125],"clients":[126],"transmit":[127],"not":[128,214],"only":[129,215],"gradients":[130],"but":[131,222],"also":[132,223],"nonlinear":[133],"features":[134,193],"subsequent":[139],"computations":[140],"through":[141],"task":[142],"offloading":[143],"while":[144],"enforcing":[145],"client":[146,184],"security.":[149],"Addressing":[150],"problem":[152],"particularly":[154],"challenging":[155],"due":[156],"scattering":[158],"noise":[160],"issues":[161],"propagation":[164],"radar":[166],"signals.":[168],"address":[170],"this,":[171],"design":[173],"hybrid":[175],"model":[176],"that":[177],"integrates":[178],"CNN":[179],"Transformer":[181],"side,":[185],"captures":[188],"both":[189],"local":[190],"global":[192],"signals,":[197],"thereby":[198],"improving":[199],"accuracy.":[201],"Experimental":[202],"results":[203],"demonstrate":[204],"that,":[205],"compared":[206],"methods,":[210],"our":[211],"proposed":[212],"achieves":[216],"improvements":[218],"offers":[224],"unique":[225],"advantages":[226],"terms":[228],"security,":[233],"mitigating":[234],"risk":[236],"leakage.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
