{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412722238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3593564","title":"VMFL: A Verifiable Multiround Aggregation Scheme for Federated Learning in VANETs","display_name":"VMFL: A Verifiable Multiround Aggregation Scheme for Federated Learning in VANETs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412722238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3593564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3593564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3593564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kaiyue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9233-5458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China","School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102012630","display_name":"Xia Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3677-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China","School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhen Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4604-7977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China","School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053393014","display_name":"Kaiping Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1881-1322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiping Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8332-9333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045961243","display_name":"Kaiye Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiye Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China","Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203","https://openalex.org/I6469544"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3568,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9022483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"20","first_page":"42392","last_page":"42406"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9484999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8747598528862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.832893967628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.7571014165878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5359281897544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-aggregator","display_name":"Data aggregator","score":0.5184028148651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4003687798976898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.17874059081077576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8747598528862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.832893967628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7571014165878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5359281897544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82578977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16773055","display_name":"Data aggregator","level":3,"score":0.5184028148651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4003687798976898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.17874059081077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3593564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3593564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3932209963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5350274905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2096430557","https://openalex.org/W2109426455","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2168970529","https://openalex.org/W2330888928","https://openalex.org/W2767079719","https://openalex.org/W2930926105","https://openalex.org/W2963540401","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W3013310637","https://openalex.org/W3016000170","https://openalex.org/W3016560828","https://openalex.org/W3045670331","https://openalex.org/W3095859802","https://openalex.org/W3096328345","https://openalex.org/W3106378891","https://openalex.org/W3110845456","https://openalex.org/W3140753276","https://openalex.org/W3186669480","https://openalex.org/W3193351399","https://openalex.org/W3211993156","https://openalex.org/W4285218634","https://openalex.org/W4285506551","https://openalex.org/W4285605561","https://openalex.org/W4289822670","https://openalex.org/W4323338423","https://openalex.org/W4385679694","https://openalex.org/W4391697047","https://openalex.org/W4392567270","https://openalex.org/W4399039391","https://openalex.org/W4402473477","https://openalex.org/W4402654411","https://openalex.org/W4402830486","https://openalex.org/W4403446151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355730523","https://openalex.org/W152021879","https://openalex.org/W2072918937","https://openalex.org/W2365629437","https://openalex.org/W2023935927","https://openalex.org/W2348330439","https://openalex.org/W2350372928","https://openalex.org/W2364126283","https://openalex.org/W4383721755","https://openalex.org/W1522862521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,117],"Vehicular":[1],"Ad-hoc":[2],"Networks":[3],"(VANETs),":[4],"federated":[5],"learning":[6],"(FL)":[7],"enables":[8],"collaborative":[9],"training":[10,115],"a":[11,55,61,83,95,122,140,161,184],"global":[12],"intelligent":[13],"transportation":[14],"model":[15,22,40,77],"without":[16],"sharing":[17],"vehicles\u2019":[18],"raw":[19],"data.":[20],"Achieving":[21],"convergence":[23],"in":[24,67,129,195,215],"VANETs":[25,68,130],"requires":[26],"multiple":[27],"rounds":[28],"of":[29,39,45,76,90,150,179,187,197,204],"FL":[30,128],"for":[31,127,152],"aggregation":[32,57,92,100,125,137],"and":[33,221],"updates.":[34],"To":[35],"improve":[36],"the":[37,74,88,91,109,136,148,170,176,180,202,234,239],"efficiency":[38,75,203],"convergence,":[41],"researchers":[42],"explore":[43],"methods":[44],"multi-round":[46,56,124,141],"aggregation.":[47],"The":[48],"latest":[49],"work,":[50],"Flamingo":[51],"(S&P":[52],"2023),":[53],"proposes":[54],"scheme":[58,81,126,164],"based":[59],"on":[60],"reusable":[62,156],"key":[63],"mechanism.":[64],"Its":[65],"application":[66],"with":[69,172],"dynamic":[70],"network":[71],"structures":[72],"enhances":[73],"training.":[78],"However,":[79],"this":[80,118],"has":[82],"defect:":[84],"vehicles":[85,133,153,167],"cannot":[86],"verify":[87,135,169],"correctness":[89],"result.":[93],"Once":[94],"semi-trusted":[96],"server":[97],"returns":[98],"incorrect":[99],"results":[101,171],"due":[102],"to":[103,134,146,168,191,219,233],"computational":[104,177],"errors,":[105],"it":[106],"may":[107],"reduce":[108,147],"model\u2019s":[110],"accuracy":[111],"or":[112],"even":[113],"cause":[114],"failure.":[116],"scheme,":[119,236],"we":[120,159],"propose":[121,160],"verifiable":[123],"(VMFL),":[131],"enabling":[132],"results.":[138],"Firstly,":[139],"verification":[142,181,225],"mechanism":[143],"is":[144,189,227],"designed":[145],"number":[149],"interactions":[151],"by":[154,229],"using":[155],"keys.":[157],"Additionally,":[158],"lightweight":[162],"proof":[163],"that":[165,223],"allows":[166],"minimal":[173],"computation,":[174],"reducing":[175],"overhead":[178,217],"process.":[182],"Finally,":[183],"security":[185,194],"analysis":[186],"VMFL":[188,205],"performed":[190],"demonstrate":[192],"its":[193,224],"cases":[196],"vehicle":[198],"dropout.":[199],"We":[200],"validated":[201],"across":[206],"different":[207],"datasets":[208],"through":[209],"experiments,":[210],"showing":[211],"no":[212],"significant":[213],"increase":[214],"time":[216,226],"compared":[218,232],"Flamingo,":[220],"demonstrating":[222,238],"reduced":[228],"about":[230],"90%":[231],"state-of-the-art":[235],"thereby":[237],"scheme\u2019s":[240],"usability.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}