{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412030729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3586210","title":"Adaptive Position-Aware Near-Field Beam Training for Millimeter-Wave XL-MIMO","display_name":"Adaptive Position-Aware Near-Field Beam Training for Millimeter-Wave XL-MIMO","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412030729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3586210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3586210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3586210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007288633","display_name":"Yongcheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9289-7131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongcheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-Modal Communication Networks and Intelligent Information Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-Modal Communication Networks and Intelligent Information Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400762","display_name":"Min Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-2390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-Modal Communication Networks and Intelligent Information Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-2390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-Modal Communication Networks and Intelligent Information Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103250514","display_name":"Weicao Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1086-9482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weicao Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-Modal Communication Networks and Intelligent Information Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1086-9482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-Modal Communication Networks and Intelligent Information Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071265062","display_name":"Minjian Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-2434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Jian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-Modal Communication Networks and Intelligent Information Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-Modal Communication Networks and Intelligent Information Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12060511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"18","first_page":"38185","last_page":"38197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.643462061882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6173772215843201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5663323998451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4843486547470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.4786425828933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.44337424635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3196401000022888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31794142723083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24673038721084595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.643462061882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6173772215843201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5663323998451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4843486547470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4786425828933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.44337424635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3196401000022888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31794142723083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24673038721084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3586210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3586210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W1998856681","https://openalex.org/W2092878079","https://openalex.org/W2099647334","https://openalex.org/W2166486216","https://openalex.org/W2261663070","https://openalex.org/W2565013478","https://openalex.org/W2601678177","https://openalex.org/W2611332227","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2622044750","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2737688805","https://openalex.org/W2892342145","https://openalex.org/W2905419086","https://openalex.org/W2955485202","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W3036327743","https://openalex.org/W3118245008","https://openalex.org/W3155535021","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3166653712","https://openalex.org/W3184183363","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4297094903","https://openalex.org/W4297310224","https://openalex.org/W4311414687","https://openalex.org/W4312688996","https://openalex.org/W4313036212","https://openalex.org/W4382119112","https://openalex.org/W4385885073","https://openalex.org/W4386453663","https://openalex.org/W4389924236","https://openalex.org/W4392223505","https://openalex.org/W4394828428","https://openalex.org/W4394897053","https://openalex.org/W4394994981","https://openalex.org/W4399665799","https://openalex.org/W4402569049","https://openalex.org/W4402822643","https://openalex.org/W4402835550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W230091440","https://openalex.org/W2233261550","https://openalex.org/W2810751659","https://openalex.org/W258997015","https://openalex.org/W2997094352","https://openalex.org/W3216976533","https://openalex.org/W100620283","https://openalex.org/W2495260952","https://openalex.org/W4366179611","https://openalex.org/W2996078371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,104],"millimeter-wave":[1],"extremely":[2],"large-scale":[3],"multiple-input":[4],"multiple-output":[5],"(XL-MIMO)":[6],"communications,":[7],"fast":[8],"and":[9,53,75,250],"reliable":[10],"beam":[11,45,64,149,186],"alignment":[12],"is":[13,159,164,198],"essential":[14],"for":[15,50,117,227],"maximizing":[16],"beamforming":[17,248],"gain":[18,249],"during":[19],"data":[20],"transmission.":[21],"As":[22],"XL-MIMO":[23,119],"systems":[24,83],"integrate":[25],"increasingly":[26],"larger":[27],"antenna":[28],"arrays,":[29],"the":[30,36,39,86,148,168,172,177,184,201,212,229,239],"electromagnetic":[31],"propagation":[32],"field":[33],"transitions":[34],"from":[35],"far-field":[37],"to":[38,97,131,146,166,216,255],"near-field":[40,63,102,118],"regime.":[41],"This":[42,180,222],"shift":[43],"requires":[44],"training":[46,73,99,213],"methods":[47],"that":[48,141],"account":[49],"both":[51],"angular":[52],"distance":[54],"dimensions.":[55],"Although":[56],"recent":[57],"advancements":[58],"have":[59],"been":[60],"made":[61],"in":[62,101,233,246],"training,":[65],"existing":[66],"approaches":[67],"still":[68],"face":[69],"challenges,":[70],"including":[71],"high":[72],"overhead":[74,100,214],"limited":[76],"robustness.":[77,133],"The":[78,121],"advent":[79],"of":[80,88,171,196],"advanced":[81],"wireless":[82],"has":[84],"enabled":[85],"acquisition":[87],"user":[89],"position":[90,126,144],"information":[91],"through":[92],"various":[93],"techniques,":[94],"presenting":[95],"opportunities":[96],"reduce":[98],"scenarios.":[103],"this":[105],"paper,":[106],"we":[107,204],"propose":[108],"an":[109,138],"adaptive":[110],"Position-Aware":[111],"Beam":[112],"Training":[113],"(PABT)":[114],"algorithm":[115,123,231],"designed":[116],"systems.":[120],"PABT":[122,202,241],"explicitly":[124],"incorporates":[125],"errors":[127],"into":[128],"its":[129],"design":[130],"enhance":[132],"Specifically,":[134],"it":[135],"begins":[136],"with":[137],"initialization":[139],"phase":[140],"uses":[142],"noisy":[143],"estimates":[145],"narrow":[147],"search":[150],"space.":[151],"Following":[152],"this,":[153],"a":[154,188,193,207,218],"multi-round":[155],"iterative":[156],"measurement":[157],"approach":[158,181],"employed,":[160],"where":[161],"Bayes\u2019":[162],"rule":[163],"used":[165],"update":[167],"posterior":[169],"distribution":[170],"polar-domain":[173],"codebook":[174],"based":[175],"on":[176,211],"measurements":[178],"obtained.":[179],"dynamically":[182],"refines":[183],"candidate":[185],"until":[187],"predefined":[189],"probability":[190,220],"threshold":[191],"or":[192],"maximum":[194],"number":[195],"iterations":[197],"reached.":[199],"For":[200],"proposed,":[203],"also":[205],"derive":[206],"theoretical":[208],"lower":[209],"bound":[210],"required":[215],"achieve":[217],"given":[219],"threshold.":[221],"analysis":[223],"provides":[224],"valuable":[225],"insights":[226],"selecting":[228],"key":[230],"parameters":[232],"subsequent":[234],"simulations.":[235],"Numerical":[236],"evaluations":[237],"validate":[238],"proposed":[240],"algorithm,":[242],"showing":[243],"significant":[244],"improvements":[245],"normalized":[247],"achievable":[251],"spectral":[252],"efficiency":[253],"compared":[254],"baseline":[256],"methods.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}