{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411687957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3583424","title":"DDConv: Disentangled Dual Branch Convolutional Network for Anomaly Detection in Server Machines","display_name":"DDConv: Disentangled Dual Branch Convolutional Network for Anomaly Detection in Server Machines","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411687957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3583424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3583424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3583424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059473158","display_name":"Yueyue Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-5693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueyue Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China","State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, and Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-5693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, and Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011123518","display_name":"Zhi-Xin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-7758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Xin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China","State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, and Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-7758","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, and Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14608351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"18","first_page":"37327","last_page":"37338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8012853264808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5900290012359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.5775853991508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-code","display_name":"Convolutional code","score":0.42662715911865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3777484595775604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2484002709388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1766287088394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.097971111536026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8012853264808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5900290012359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.5775853991508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.42662715911865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3777484595775604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2484002709388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1766287088394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.097971111536026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3583424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3583424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2380914304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0075/2023/AMJ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4130411185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0003/2023/RIB1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4769791754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"001/2024/SKL","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G544116970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2022-00059-FST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5671542690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG-GRG2023-00237-FST-UMDF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5722604173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A0505030003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326680","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6090389588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG-GRG2024-00299-FST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G707680501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0092/2024/AFJ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7319972030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020B1515130001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326680","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326680","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01wq2p249"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489621269","https://openalex.org/W2054526494","https://openalex.org/W2128510565","https://openalex.org/W2131904035","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295076262","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2786827964","https://openalex.org/W2898680659","https://openalex.org/W2911200746","https://openalex.org/W2937294679","https://openalex.org/W2950361482","https://openalex.org/W2962736999","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963166639","https://openalex.org/W2965433388","https://openalex.org/W3004401633","https://openalex.org/W3081497074","https://openalex.org/W3155567600","https://openalex.org/W3169450514","https://openalex.org/W3170937175","https://openalex.org/W3170981104","https://openalex.org/W4200094690","https://openalex.org/W4205438547","https://openalex.org/W4254182148","https://openalex.org/W4286248470","https://openalex.org/W4288057688","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4290943650","https://openalex.org/W4306317275","https://openalex.org/W4312234505","https://openalex.org/W4313229387","https://openalex.org/W4319586741","https://openalex.org/W4381245607","https://openalex.org/W4382203409","https://openalex.org/W4382239918","https://openalex.org/W4385562572","https://openalex.org/W4385562582","https://openalex.org/W4388469868","https://openalex.org/W4392251781","https://openalex.org/W4395053762","https://openalex.org/W4401596671","https://openalex.org/W4402056503","https://openalex.org/W4409363427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2610189143","https://openalex.org/W2159424856","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"anomalies":[1,42,62],"in":[2,28,63,76,99,107],"server":[3,16,64],"machines":[4,17],"is":[5,71,124],"critical":[6],"for":[7,90],"providing":[8],"reliable":[9],"web":[10],"services.":[11],"Usually,":[12],"working":[13,115],"status":[14],"of":[15,69,96],"are":[18,104],"characterized":[19],"by":[20,131,137],"multivariate":[21],"time":[22,77,100],"series":[23],"(MTS).":[24],"However,":[25],"complex":[26],"patterns":[27],"MTS":[29],"including":[30],"both":[31],"temporal":[32],"and":[33,78,81,85,101],"inter-variable":[34],"ones":[35],"make":[36],"it":[37],"hard":[38],"to":[39,60,72,127],"precisely":[40],"differentiate":[41],"from":[43],"normal":[44],"sequences.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49],"propose":[50],"a":[51,55,110],"model":[52,157],"called":[53],"DDConv,":[54],"reconstruction-based":[56],"fully":[57],"convolutional":[58,113],"network":[59,114],"detect":[61],"machine":[65],"MTS.":[66],"The":[67],"core":[68],"DDConv":[70,146],"disentangle":[73],"pattern":[74],"learning":[75,88],"variable":[79,102],"dimensions":[80,103],"separate":[82],"the":[83,117,133],"intra-dimension":[84],"inter-dimension":[86],"feature":[87],"processes":[89],"thoroughly":[91],"exploring":[92],"all":[93],"these":[94],"kinds":[95],"patterns.":[97],"Patterns":[98],"captured":[105],"independently":[106],"parallel":[108],"via":[109],"dual":[111],"branch":[112],"under":[116],"macro-group":[118],"convolution":[119],"mechanism.":[120],"A":[121],"novel":[122],"regularization":[123],"further":[125],"proposed":[126],"enable":[128],"precise":[129],"reconstructions":[130],"shrinking":[132],"error":[134],"space":[135],"formed":[136],"reconstruction":[138],"errors.":[139],"Extensive":[140],"experiments":[141],"on":[142],"public":[143],"benchmarks":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"achieves":[147],"superior":[148],"anomaly":[149],"detection":[150],"performance":[151],"over":[152],"state-of-the-art":[153],"baselines":[154],"while":[155],"maintaining":[156],"efficiency.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
