{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411143012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3577559","title":"mmYodar+: Robust Human Detection Using mmWave Signals","display_name":"mmYodar+: Robust Human Detection Using mmWave Signals","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411143012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3577559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3577559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3577559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101725142","display_name":"Y. S. Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8553-3902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuance Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8553-3902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055427830","display_name":"Han Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-7988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-7988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Feng Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9881-3059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9881-3059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036106329","display_name":"Cui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4603-4914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4603-4914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455782","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-6990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-6990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400459","display_name":"Ge Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3845-1646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3845-1646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077846188","display_name":"Zhi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-0068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-0068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050052141","display_name":"Wei Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-2982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65162766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"16","first_page":"33702","last_page":"33713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9521999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9521999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9488999843597412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9422000050544739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7731304168701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.43807703256607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.42637595534324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24337273836135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.1086067259311676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7731304168701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.43807703256607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.42637595534324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24337273836135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.1086067259311676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3577559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3577559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6673862757","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372365","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8552911650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302383","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8729075429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472346","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140663337","https://openalex.org/W2620998106","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3087859191","https://openalex.org/W3115265657","https://openalex.org/W3120815051","https://openalex.org/W3163859203","https://openalex.org/W3164183382","https://openalex.org/W3175987492","https://openalex.org/W3200808116","https://openalex.org/W4225716276","https://openalex.org/W4283211061","https://openalex.org/W4294891853","https://openalex.org/W4294891997","https://openalex.org/W4306179797","https://openalex.org/W4308089062","https://openalex.org/W4313145131","https://openalex.org/W4361769930","https://openalex.org/W4387212504","https://openalex.org/W4387735327","https://openalex.org/W4387872930","https://openalex.org/W4392520333","https://openalex.org/W4396720269","https://openalex.org/W4403770406","https://openalex.org/W4404587010","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6847207718","https://openalex.org/W6947681574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"detection":[1,46,115],"of":[2,129,146,153],"human":[3,45,75,114,162],"objects":[4],"can":[5],"be":[6],"crucial":[7],"for":[8,68,158],"various":[9,132,139],"real-world":[10],"applications,":[11],"such":[12,25],"as":[13,26],"surveillance":[14],"and":[15,31,71,85,136,142,160],"autonomous":[16],"driving.":[17],"However,":[18],"traditional":[19],"vision-based":[20],"approaches":[21],"suffer":[22],"from":[23],"limitations":[24],"low":[27],"lighting":[28,140],"conditions,":[29,141],"occlusions,":[30],"privacy":[32],"concerns.":[33],"To":[34,73],"address":[35],"these":[36],"challenges,":[37],"we":[38,77,104],"introduce":[39],"mmYodar+,":[40],"a":[41,55,64,106,117],"novel":[42],"mmWave-based":[43],"automatic":[44],"system.":[47],"Our":[48],"system":[49],"processes":[50],"mmWave":[51,155],"signals":[52,157],"to":[53,99],"generate":[54],"3D":[56],"point":[57,80],"cloud,":[58],"which":[59],"is":[60],"then":[61],"transformed":[62],"into":[63],"2D":[65],"radar":[66,94,156],"image":[67,91],"easier":[69],"visualization":[70],"analysis.":[72],"enhance":[74],"profiling,":[76],"filter":[78],"the":[79,90,101,144,151],"cloud":[81],"using":[82,116,154],"biometric":[83],"information":[84],"expand":[86],"human-related":[87],"points":[88],"in":[89,131,143],"based":[92],"on":[93],"angle":[95],"resolution,":[96],"incorporating":[97],"color":[98],"improve":[100],"differentiation.":[102],"Additionally,":[103],"employ":[105],"deep":[107],"mutual":[108],"learning":[109],"(DML)":[110],"framework,":[111],"enabling":[112],"efficient":[113],"lightweight":[118],"DNN.":[119],"Experimental":[120],"results":[121,149],"show":[122],"that":[123],"mmYodar+":[124],"achieves":[125],"an":[126],"average":[127],"precision":[128],"96.29%":[130],"scenarios,":[133],"including":[134],"indoor":[135],"outdoor":[137],"environments,":[138],"presence":[145],"occlusions.":[147],"These":[148],"demonstrate":[150],"effectiveness":[152],"reliable":[159],"accurate":[161],"detection.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}