{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410886877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3574944","title":"QRS Complexes Detection Using UNet-BiLSTM Model Combined With Adaptive Post-Processing for Multilead Wearable ECG Smart T-Shirt System","display_name":"QRS Complexes Detection Using UNet-BiLSTM Model Combined With Adaptive Post-Processing for Multilead Wearable ECG Smart T-Shirt System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410886877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3574944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3574944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3574944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015987014","display_name":"Kaikai Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaikai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7973-6972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072517835","display_name":"Baoliang Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8738-1787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoliang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fenghan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fenghan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Changfu Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changfu Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077920747","display_name":"Jingyuan Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyuan Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001279961","display_name":"Junhong Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060031694","display_name":"Huilin Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huilin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3726-8222","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0888-7009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0888-7009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101678797","display_name":"Lin Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-154X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-154X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015987014"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21411481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"16","first_page":"33437","last_page":"33454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7807440757751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7459281086921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qrs-complex","display_name":"QRS complex","score":0.5217262506484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.5173827409744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4790959656238556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45802032947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-system","display_name":"Adaptive system","score":0.42537492513656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"Lead (geology)","score":0.4129316806793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32777169346809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2677066922187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17132869362831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.10749751329421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.10163536667823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.08440986275672913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7807440757751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7459281086921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111773187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969239","display_name":"QRS complex","level":2,"score":0.5217262506484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.5173827409744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4790959656238556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45802032947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.42537492513656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4129316806793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32777169346809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2677066922187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17132869362831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.10749751329421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.10163536667823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.08440986275672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3574944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3574944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4966882988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC3601004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G728152922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024ZYGXZR077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966308326","https://openalex.org/W1970759244","https://openalex.org/W1971638077","https://openalex.org/W1989156564","https://openalex.org/W2003343840","https://openalex.org/W2017263726","https://openalex.org/W2036343076","https://openalex.org/W2060133408","https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2117141700","https://openalex.org/W2122852597","https://openalex.org/W2138962073","https://openalex.org/W2143516309","https://openalex.org/W2150213294","https://openalex.org/W2159834109","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2565439819","https://openalex.org/W2784247182","https://openalex.org/W2791642751","https://openalex.org/W2793563546","https://openalex.org/W2800952622","https://openalex.org/W2805313241","https://openalex.org/W2924832176","https://openalex.org/W2930542685","https://openalex.org/W2979432576","https://openalex.org/W2982002184","https://openalex.org/W2990357281","https://openalex.org/W3004101474","https://openalex.org/W3008400047","https://openalex.org/W3011466106","https://openalex.org/W3015802815","https://openalex.org/W3016291932","https://openalex.org/W3032108578","https://openalex.org/W3033603788","https://openalex.org/W3081072690","https://openalex.org/W3111930466","https://openalex.org/W3112178328","https://openalex.org/W3137863299","https://openalex.org/W3155912831","https://openalex.org/W3157160093","https://openalex.org/W3186805621","https://openalex.org/W3188554269","https://openalex.org/W3202430818","https://openalex.org/W4205448285","https://openalex.org/W4224285140","https://openalex.org/W4225643124","https://openalex.org/W4226049884","https://openalex.org/W4226201018","https://openalex.org/W4226461837","https://openalex.org/W4226467595","https://openalex.org/W4285181828","https://openalex.org/W4285280718","https://openalex.org/W4290711239","https://openalex.org/W4296627555","https://openalex.org/W4308773344","https://openalex.org/W4310699673","https://openalex.org/W4313306382","https://openalex.org/W4313525308","https://openalex.org/W4313893027","https://openalex.org/W4366669163","https://openalex.org/W4375929454","https://openalex.org/W4391326524","https://openalex.org/W4392142681","https://openalex.org/W6707791092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090300519","https://openalex.org/W2514492205","https://openalex.org/W4250401876","https://openalex.org/W2943851981","https://openalex.org/W2566526749","https://openalex.org/W3047461507","https://openalex.org/W3126390843","https://openalex.org/W4245880644","https://openalex.org/W4312415459","https://openalex.org/W2528680939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,41,255],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,63,83,158,192,196,203,214,217,229,257,262,305,311,325],"rapid":[4],"development":[5],"of":[6,11,82,219,281,328,332],"wearable":[7,297],"devices":[8],"and":[9,33,54,90,95,160,174,190,225,244,269,295,321],"Internet":[10],"Things":[12],"(IoT)":[13],"technology":[14,331],"has":[15],"made":[16],"realtime,":[17],"continuous":[18],"dynamic":[19,50,126,298],"electrocardiogram":[20],"(ECG)":[21],"monitoring":[22,52,147],"possible.":[23],"However,":[24],"robust":[25,173],"universal":[26,287],"multi-lead":[27,49,292],"QRS":[28,57,178,274,288,312],"complex":[29,58,179,289,313],"detection":[30,59,180,290,314],"under":[31,85,125],"noise":[32],"high":[34,119],"heart":[35],"rate":[36],"(HR)":[37],"conditions":[38],"remains":[39],"challenging.":[40],"this":[42],"study,":[43],"we":[44,67,151],"propose":[45,152],"a":[46,55,69,153,277],"smart":[47,71,306],"T-shirtbased":[48],"ECG":[51,84,146,237,293,299],"system":[53,73,130,215,308],"highaccuracy":[56],"algorithm":[60,156,200,259,315],"to":[61,100,111],"solve":[62],"above":[64,252],"problems.":[65],"First,":[66],"develop":[68],"six-lead":[70],"T-shirt":[72],"with":[74,107,167,276,310],"integrated":[75],"flexible":[76],"dry":[77],"electrodes":[78,104],"for":[79,141,272,324],"real-time":[80],"acquisition":[81,124],"three":[86,176],"conditions:":[87],"standing,":[88],"walking,":[89],"jogging.":[91],"The":[92,128,182,198,210,301],"electrode":[93,226],"structure":[94],"hardware":[96],"circuit":[97],"are":[98,105],"designed":[99],"resist":[101],"noise,":[102],"while":[103],"combined":[106,309],"medical-grade":[108],"conductive":[109],"gels":[110],"replace":[112],"conventional":[113],"Ag/AgCl":[114],"wet":[115],"electrodes,":[116],"ultimately":[117],"realizing":[118],"signal-to-noise":[120],"ratio":[121],"(SNR)":[122],"signal":[123,221,230],"conditions.":[127],"T-shirt-based":[129],"design":[131],"not":[132],"only":[133,282],"enhances":[134],"user":[135],"comfort":[136],"but":[137],"also":[138],"facilitates":[139],"use":[140],"non-medical":[142],"users,":[143],"making":[144],"long-term":[145],"more":[148],"feasible.":[149],"Second,":[150],"novel":[154],"Pro-APP":[155,258],"combining":[157],"UNet":[159],"bidirectional":[161],"long":[162],"short-term":[163],"memory":[164],"(UNet-BiLSTM)":[165],"model":[166,184,327],"adaptive":[168],"post-processing":[169],"(APP),":[170],"which":[171,285],"is":[172],"outperforms":[175],"existing":[177],"algorithms.":[181],"UNet-BiLSTM":[183],"can":[185,316],"effectively":[186],"extract":[187],"multi-scale":[188],"features":[189],"capture":[191],"timing":[193],"information":[194,330],"in":[195,291],"ECG.":[197],"APP":[199],"further":[201],"optimizes":[202,296],"R-peak":[204],"localization":[205],"by":[206],"dynamically":[207],"adjusting":[208],"parameters.":[209],"results":[211],"show":[212],"that":[213,304],"confirms":[216],"reliability":[218],"its":[220],"quality,":[222],"HR":[223],"detection,":[224],"performance":[227],"through":[228],"quality":[231],"assessment":[232],"(SNR":[233],"\u2265":[234],"24":[235],"dB),":[236],"simulator":[238],"validation":[239],"(RR":[240],"interval":[241],"error.4":[242],"ms),":[243],"skin-electrode":[245],"impedance":[246],"measurement":[247],"(impedance\u2264117.27":[248],"K\u03a9":[249],"at":[250],"frequencies":[251],"10":[253],"Hz).":[254],"addition,":[256],"significantly":[260],"improves":[261],"sensitivity":[263],"(93.67%),":[264],"precision":[265],"(97.13%),":[266],"accuracy":[267],"(91.08%),":[268],"F1-score":[270],"(95.30%)":[271],"detecting":[273],"complexes,":[275],"mean":[278],"absolute":[279],"error":[280],"3.63":[283],"ms,":[284],"achieves":[286],"signals":[294],"monitoring.":[300],"research":[302],"shows":[303],"Tshirt":[307],"provide":[317],"an":[318],"important":[319],"carrier":[320],"technical":[322],"means":[323],"new":[326],"wise":[329],"medicine.":[333]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
