{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410737804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573459","title":"Urine-Powered Batteryless Sensor Node With Printed Harvesters and Sensors for Smart Diapers","display_name":"Urine-Powered Batteryless Sensor Node With Printed Harvesters and Sensors for Smart Diapers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410737804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3573459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573459","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058072854","display_name":"Muhammad Tanweer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7425-2452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tanweer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7425-2452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018629906","display_name":"Dipesh C. Monga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dipesh C. Monga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-0595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gaurav Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7801-4721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7801-4721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001875589","display_name":"Liam Gillan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-1359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liam Gillan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Integrated Circuits, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland","VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-1359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Integrated Circuits, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108509109","display_name":"Raimo Sepponen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raimo Sepponen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041033700","display_name":"\u0130\u0307hsan O\u011fuz Tanzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-2895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Oguz Tanzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-2895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066316803","display_name":"K. Halonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4385-9689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari A. I. Halonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4385-9689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64085312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"15","first_page":"31575","last_page":"31587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9532999992370605,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.528372049331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5020384788513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.48761239647865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printed","display_name":"3d printed","score":0.4317004680633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4255579113960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3002198040485382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17239591479301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.1246795654296875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.528372049331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5020384788513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48761239647865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.4317004680633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4255579113960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3002198040485382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17239591479301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1246795654296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3573459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/137597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/65d2c3b3-f2da-4eed-ab13-ce67ac91d39d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3573459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4491347762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13334487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5036292719","display_name":"Smart Life Finland \u2014 Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy (1696/31/2022)","funder_award_id":"1696/31/2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","funder_display_name":"Business Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","display_name":"Business Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgf9v38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195497723","https://openalex.org/W421112700","https://openalex.org/W1982663743","https://openalex.org/W2002995286","https://openalex.org/W2053429895","https://openalex.org/W2056006361","https://openalex.org/W2103591249","https://openalex.org/W2157944808","https://openalex.org/W2221412351","https://openalex.org/W2314178181","https://openalex.org/W2334846932","https://openalex.org/W2742808714","https://openalex.org/W2947786056","https://openalex.org/W2964344211","https://openalex.org/W2966356103","https://openalex.org/W2990065042","https://openalex.org/W3026365394","https://openalex.org/W3042397773","https://openalex.org/W3182087425","https://openalex.org/W3185510661","https://openalex.org/W3198469083","https://openalex.org/W4221084294","https://openalex.org/W4229050016","https://openalex.org/W4289521982","https://openalex.org/W4292873501","https://openalex.org/W4380576181","https://openalex.org/W4386999592","https://openalex.org/W4392142000","https://openalex.org/W4393252723","https://openalex.org/W4400230043","https://openalex.org/W4409465017","https://openalex.org/W6601971397","https://openalex.org/W6799754450","https://openalex.org/W6849241563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2991326191","https://openalex.org/W3036311796","https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W2981486626","https://openalex.org/W3102108596","https://openalex.org/W3148968234","https://openalex.org/W2890570089","https://openalex.org/W2989915292","https://openalex.org/W2295628284","https://openalex.org/W4401570930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,15,81,98,106,112,144,156,163,167,182],"global":[2],"population":[3],"ages,":[4],"caregivers":[5,200],"encounter":[6],"significant":[7],"challenges":[8,33],"in":[9,20,26,162,178],"monitoring":[10],"wet":[11],"diapers":[12],"and":[13,40,42,58,74,111,117,165,187,197,201],"assessing":[14],"volumes":[16,137],"of":[17,108,114,132,138,158],"voided":[18,168],"fluids":[19],"adult":[21],"incontinence":[22],"products.":[23],"Recent":[24],"advancements":[25],"smart-diaper":[27],"technology":[28],"address":[29],"these":[30],"issues,":[31],"but":[32],"persist":[34],"with":[35,62,135],"integrating":[36],"electronics,":[37],"frequent":[38],"removal":[39],"reapplication,":[41],"managing":[43],"batteries.":[44],"This":[45],"study":[46],"presents":[47],"a":[48,128],"batteryless":[49],"urine-powered":[50],"IoT":[51],"sensor":[52],"node":[53],"using":[54,84],"printed":[55,79],"energy":[56,76,100,118,124],"harvesters":[57,77],"capacitive":[59,72],"sensors":[60,73,116],"integrated":[61,65],"an":[63],"ultra-low-power":[64],"circuit":[66],"for":[67,148,184,191,199],"disposable":[68],"smart":[69,192],"diapers.":[70],"Coplanar":[71],"electrochemical":[75],"are":[78],"on":[80],"flexible":[82],"substrate":[83],"environment-friendly":[85],"materials.":[86],"An":[87],"ultra-low":[88],"power":[89],"frontend":[90],"interface":[91],"is":[92,95],"developed,":[93],"which":[94],"powered":[96],"by":[97,126],"harvested":[99],"from":[101],"urine.":[102],"Laboratory":[103],"measurements":[104],"validate":[105],"functionality":[107],"on-chip":[109],"electronics":[110,146],"performance":[113],"in-diaper":[115],"harvesters.":[119],"The":[120,151,175],"system":[121,153],"demonstrates":[122],"effective":[123],"harvesting":[125],"maintaining":[127],"stable":[129],"regulated":[130],"voltage":[131],"1.1":[133],"V":[134],"urine":[136],"90":[139],"ml":[140],"or":[141],"more,":[142],"powering":[143],"front-end":[145],"continuously":[147],"6":[149],"hours.":[150],"proposed":[152],"successfully":[154],"demonstrated":[155,177],"detection":[157],"multiple":[159],"urination":[160],"events":[161],"diaper":[164],"quantified":[166],"volume":[169],"as":[170,172],"low":[171],"30":[173],"ml.":[174],"results":[176],"this":[179],"work":[180],"pave":[181],"way":[183],"cost-effective,":[185],"disposable,":[186],"environmentally":[188],"friendly":[189],"solutions":[190],"diapers,":[193],"enhancing":[194],"both":[195],"efficiency":[196],"comfort":[198],"elderly":[202],"individuals.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
