{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410660753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573149","title":"LR-FHSS Networks With Orthogonal Physical Channels for Headers and Payload Fragments","display_name":"LR-FHSS Networks With Orthogonal Physical Channels for Headers and Payload Fragments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410660753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3573149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573149","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086226570","display_name":"Jean Michel de Souza Sant\u2019Ana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6996-5431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Michel de Souza Sant\u2019Ana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6996-5431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047055117","display_name":"El\u00e7o Jo\u00e3o dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-9677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329807341","display_name":"Servi\u00e7o Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial","ror":"https://ror.org/035c3nf67","country_code":"BR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329807341"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145666","display_name":"Embedded Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04742eh45","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145666"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El\u00e7o Jo\u00e3o Dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded Software Department, SENAI Innovation Institute in Embedded Systems, Florianópolis, Brazil","SENAI Innovation Institute in Embedded Systems, Florianópolis, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-9677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Software Department, SENAI Innovation Institute in Embedded Systems, Florianópolis, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SENAI Innovation Institute in Embedded Systems, Florianópolis, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329807341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084982470","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Luiz Rebelatto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-2215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Luiz Rebelatto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academic Department of Electronics, Federal University of Technology—Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil","Academic Department of Electronics, Federal University of Technology -Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-2215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academic Department of Electronics, Federal University of Technology—Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182","https://openalex.org/I52418104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academic Department of Electronics, Federal University of Technology -Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091143974","display_name":"Konstantin Mikhaylov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-6629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantin Mikhaylov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-6629","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040878028","display_name":"Hirley Alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-5313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirley Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-5313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067391848","display_name":"Richard Demo Souza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7389-6245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4104125","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina","ror":"https://ror.org/041akq887","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["BR","FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Demo Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianóplis, Brazil","Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7389-6245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianóplis, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06686736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"16","first_page":"34611","last_page":"34614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9498999714851379,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.929099977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.811178982257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7464575171470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6543968915939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.5202654600143433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.22190776467323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.08239206671714783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.811178982257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7464575171470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6543968915939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.5202654600143433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.22190776467323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.08239206671714783}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3573149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3573149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3573149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1042153890","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"307222/2023-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335523","funder_display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia da Criosfera"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2469647886","display_name":"6G Flagship - 6G-Enabled Wireless Smart Society & Ecosystem","funder_award_id":"369116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5623483394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01245.02 0548/2021-07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317482","funder_display_name":"Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5839741466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"403124/2023-9","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335523","funder_display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia da Criosfera"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5917923435","display_name":"Multi-Radio Access Technology Connectivity for Improving Safety of Drones","funder_award_id":"341111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317482","display_name":"Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa","ror":"https://ror.org/04hztxs45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335523","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia da Criosfera","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2915034952","https://openalex.org/W3158782469","https://openalex.org/W3197934852","https://openalex.org/W4206843821","https://openalex.org/W4289656442","https://openalex.org/W4313306425","https://openalex.org/W4379528313","https://openalex.org/W4388145543","https://openalex.org/W4390659324","https://openalex.org/W4390970244","https://openalex.org/W4394866631","https://openalex.org/W4402978359","https://openalex.org/W6853619840"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1535080110","https://openalex.org/W306312984","https://openalex.org/W857189463","https://openalex.org/W4288094128","https://openalex.org/W2979675132","https://openalex.org/W2790520092","https://openalex.org/W4306309337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"an":[3],"enhancement":[4],"to":[5,48,98,110],"the":[6,15,38,83,89,115,120],"Long-Range":[7],"Frequency-Hopping":[8],"Spread":[9],"Spectrum":[10],"(LR-FHSS),":[11],"a":[12,60],"modulation":[13],"within":[14],"LoRaWAN":[16],"specification,":[17],"particularly":[18],"useful":[19],"in":[20],"dense":[21],"networks":[22],"supported":[23],"by":[24],"satellite":[25],"gateways.":[26],"LR-FHSS":[27],"replicates":[28],"headers":[29,43,68,95],"and":[30,44,52,69,73,82,96],"payload":[31,80],"fragments":[32],"across":[33],"different":[34],"physical":[35,65],"channels,":[36],"but":[37],"distinct":[39],"transmission":[40],"strategies":[41],"for":[42,67],"payloads":[45,97],"can":[46],"lead":[47],"uneven":[49],"success":[50,100],"rates":[51],"degrading":[53],"performance.":[54],"To":[55],"address":[56],"this,":[57],"we":[58,87],"propose":[59],"scheme":[61,104],"that":[62],"allocates":[63],"orthogonal":[64],"channels":[66,93],"payloads.":[70],"Through":[71],"analytical":[72],"simulation":[74],"results,":[75],"considering":[76],"factors":[77],"such":[78],"as":[79,119],"size":[81],"number":[84],"of":[85,92],"users,":[86],"identify":[88],"optimal":[90],"distribution":[91],"between":[94],"maximize":[99],"probability.":[101],"The":[102],"proposed":[103],"significantly":[105],"improves":[106],"performance,":[107],"supporting":[108],"up":[109],"50%":[111],"more":[112],"users":[113],"at":[114],"same":[116],"reliability":[117],"level":[118],"standard":[121],"LR-FHSS.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}