{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410491685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3570989","title":"A Survey of Machine Unlearning in Generative AI Models: Methods, Applications, Security, and Challenges","display_name":"A Survey of Machine Unlearning in Generative AI Models: Methods, Applications, Security, and Challenges","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410491685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3570989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3570989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3570989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108666850","display_name":"An Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"An Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4548-5986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072627238","display_name":"Zhipeng Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-975X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-975X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054098183","display_name":"Zuobin Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6562-9825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuobin Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6562-9825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108666850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1733,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88427286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"16","first_page":"32563","last_page":"32580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7613999843597412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7613999843597412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.652899980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7929957509040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6419904828071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5076934099197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38491666316986084}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7929957509040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6419904828071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5076934099197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38491666316986084}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3570989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3570989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1165689166","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2434899","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1717030239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2429960","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1789084856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2416872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4354139244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2244219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G551916812","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2315596","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6193564845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2146497","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":132,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488996941","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2001610032","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2157825442","https://openalex.org/W2732026016","https://openalex.org/W2887995258","https://openalex.org/W2952530542","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W3034600949","https://openalex.org/W3035693354","https://openalex.org/W3153469116","https://openalex.org/W3154155772","https://openalex.org/W3164675724","https://openalex.org/W3168576092","https://openalex.org/W3174807077","https://openalex.org/W3177624059","https://openalex.org/W3193712138","https://openalex.org/W3199974954","https://openalex.org/W3213758632","https://openalex.org/W3217748719","https://openalex.org/W4285295176","https://openalex.org/W4288758078","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4366250585","https://openalex.org/W4376613136","https://openalex.org/W4382202903","https://openalex.org/W4385493696","https://openalex.org/W4386066536","https://openalex.org/W4387967988","https://openalex.org/W4390871724","https://openalex.org/W4390874260","https://openalex.org/W4390874566","https://openalex.org/W4391468387","https://openalex.org/W4391514872","https://openalex.org/W4391528840","https://openalex.org/W4393161126","https://openalex.org/W4394593019","https://openalex.org/W4394777948","https://openalex.org/W4396214365","https://openalex.org/W4396596847","https://openalex.org/W4399426597","https://openalex.org/W4400391860","https://openalex.org/W4401635364","https://openalex.org/W4401752180","https://openalex.org/W4402264463","https://openalex.org/W4402716097","https://openalex.org/W4402916987","https://openalex.org/W4402959574","https://openalex.org/W4403195962","https://openalex.org/W4403662628","https://openalex.org/W4403747099","https://openalex.org/W4403759634","https://openalex.org/W4403759743","https://openalex.org/W4403928578","https://openalex.org/W4404199593","https://openalex.org/W4404545451","https://openalex.org/W4404708545","https://openalex.org/W4404879643","https://openalex.org/W4404879652","https://openalex.org/W4405520502","https://openalex.org/W4406137434","https://openalex.org/W4406755220","https://openalex.org/W4407690503","https://openalex.org/W4408103641","https://openalex.org/W4408155387","https://openalex.org/W4409366511","https://openalex.org/W4411113102","https://openalex.org/W4411113247","https://openalex.org/W4411119431","https://openalex.org/W4412565294","https://openalex.org/W6636751772","https://openalex.org/W6676935882","https://openalex.org/W6677919164","https://openalex.org/W6718379498","https://openalex.org/W6753113894","https://openalex.org/W6765443569","https://openalex.org/W6765779288","https://openalex.org/W6769833289","https://openalex.org/W6773523068","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6783713337","https://openalex.org/W6802987763","https://openalex.org/W6838639034","https://openalex.org/W6846007759","https://openalex.org/W6852162230","https://openalex.org/W6852699082","https://openalex.org/W6853467025","https://openalex.org/W6854299454","https://openalex.org/W6855645858","https://openalex.org/W6855790366","https://openalex.org/W6856768101","https://openalex.org/W6857482494","https://openalex.org/W6857634782","https://openalex.org/W6857841889","https://openalex.org/W6858186310","https://openalex.org/W6859098504","https://openalex.org/W6859119559","https://openalex.org/W6860704554","https://openalex.org/W6861334652","https://openalex.org/W6861586906","https://openalex.org/W6861667099","https://openalex.org/W6861826261","https://openalex.org/W6862252432","https://openalex.org/W6864024086","https://openalex.org/W6866944879","https://openalex.org/W6866999201","https://openalex.org/W6868877453","https://openalex.org/W6869358010","https://openalex.org/W6869458922","https://openalex.org/W6869623826","https://openalex.org/W6870057097","https://openalex.org/W6870478225","https://openalex.org/W6870828194","https://openalex.org/W6871429726","https://openalex.org/W6872961269","https://openalex.org/W6873027616","https://openalex.org/W6873168546","https://openalex.org/W6873415854","https://openalex.org/W6874334145","https://openalex.org/W6874455642","https://openalex.org/W6875579281","https://openalex.org/W6875619271","https://openalex.org/W6875643152","https://openalex.org/W6875762721","https://openalex.org/W6876357210","https://openalex.org/W6929541571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0],"AI":[1],"has":[2,67],"flourished":[3],"over":[4],"the":[5,14,26,33,36,71,132,141,148,179,197,203],"past":[6],"decade,":[7],"with":[8,35],"generative":[9,29,76,94,144],"models":[10,77,145],"advancing":[11],"in":[12,32,93,143,160],"both":[13],"industrial":[15],"and":[16,46,55,102,105,121,146,158,166,172,192,202],"academic":[17],"sectors.":[18],"Given":[19],"various":[20],"applications,":[21,189],"some":[22],"scenarios":[23],"have":[24],"seen":[25],"misuse":[27],"of":[28,38,134,150,182],"AI,":[30],"particularly":[31],"integration":[34],"Internet":[37],"Things":[39],"(IoT).":[40],"IoT":[41],"devices":[42],"often":[43],"handle":[44],"personal":[45],"sensitive":[47,84],"data,":[48],"raising":[49],"serious":[50],"concerns":[51],"about":[52],"privacy":[53],"leakage":[54],"security":[56],"breaches":[57],"when":[58],"generating":[59],"data.":[60],"As":[61],"a":[62],"promising":[63],"countermeasure,":[64],"machine":[65,96,161,199],"unlearning":[66,97,108,123,152,162,200],"emerged":[68],"to":[69,139,206],"solve":[70],"problems":[72],"posed":[73],"by":[74,78,187],"these":[75,151],"effectively":[79],"removing":[80],"specific":[81],"concepts":[82],"or":[83],"information":[85],"from":[86,126],"trained":[87],"models.":[88],"In":[89,154],"this":[90,129,183],"survey,":[91],"anchored":[92],"models,":[95],"approaches":[98,109],"are":[99,110,164],"reviewed,":[100],"categorized,":[101],"discussed":[103],"comprehensively":[104],"systematically.":[106],"Existing":[107],"classified":[111],"into":[112],"gradient-based":[113],"techniques,":[114],"task":[115],"vectors,":[116],"knowledge":[117],"distillation,":[118],"data":[119],"sharding,":[120],"reliable":[122],"methods.":[124,153],"Apart":[125],"previous":[127],"works,":[128],"survey":[130],"extends":[131],"review":[133],"attack":[135],"methods":[136],"that":[137],"aim":[138],"exploit":[140],"vulnerability":[142],"assess":[147],"robustness":[149],"addition,":[155],"popular":[156],"metrics":[157],"datasets":[159],"research":[163,185,194],"summarized":[165],"evaluated":[167],"based":[168],"on":[169,178],"effectiveness,":[170],"efficiency,":[171],"security.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"we":[175],"shed":[176],"light":[177],"future":[180],"directions":[181],"emerging":[184],"topic":[186],"discussing":[188],"highlighting":[190],"challenges,":[191],"exploring":[193],"frontiers":[195],"for":[196],"current":[198],"community":[201],"new":[204],"investigators":[205],"come.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
