{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409761202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3564140","title":"Wireless Signal Identification for Secure Spectrum Sensing Based on Multiscale Fourier Segmented Attention Mechanism","display_name":"Wireless Signal Identification for Secure Spectrum Sensing Based on Multiscale Fourier Segmented Attention Mechanism","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409761202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3564140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3564140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3564140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053384248","display_name":"Ziyi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1365-0507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1365-0507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068157884","display_name":"Yaojun Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaojun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101328216","display_name":"Liang Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7086-7349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047862167","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-9678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-9678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044674658","display_name":"Jianping An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062494507","display_name":"Zhiquan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-2177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiquan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-2177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053384248"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87024713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"14","first_page":"27496","last_page":"27509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7954891920089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5607845187187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5458571910858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.46886852383613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4651990830898285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.4266073405742645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4153939187526703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.4102679491043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33841803669929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2685748040676117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.14324665069580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.14167141914367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.08515813946723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07928553223609924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7954891920089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5607845187187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5458571910858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.46886852383613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4651990830898285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.4266073405742645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4153939187526703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.4102679491043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33841803669929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2685748040676117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.14324665069580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.14167141914367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.08515813946723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07928553223609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3564140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3564140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1938585577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.2022M720447","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2895336164","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3683882996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.2023YFC3310500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3955515913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NO.2022YFC3302100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4771001808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M720447","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5453476996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.2024CX06025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6789455757","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024CX06025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7515387903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NO.62301047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083994973","https://openalex.org/W2101840010","https://openalex.org/W2149487340","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2981134958","https://openalex.org/W3019713582","https://openalex.org/W3047445093","https://openalex.org/W3088611441","https://openalex.org/W3139996145","https://openalex.org/W3177318507","https://openalex.org/W3198127641","https://openalex.org/W3201410451","https://openalex.org/W3205903617","https://openalex.org/W4205765448","https://openalex.org/W4206794970","https://openalex.org/W4226332866","https://openalex.org/W4311980906","https://openalex.org/W4312405437","https://openalex.org/W4319863551","https://openalex.org/W4323338327","https://openalex.org/W4382203079","https://openalex.org/W4383751405","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385453438","https://openalex.org/W4386933843","https://openalex.org/W4394596454","https://openalex.org/W6637062249","https://openalex.org/W6797155008","https://openalex.org/W6810637551","https://openalex.org/W6810853030","https://openalex.org/W6839352926","https://openalex.org/W6845625448","https://openalex.org/W6889955440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978047861","https://openalex.org/W1965991469","https://openalex.org/W2063020798","https://openalex.org/W1995192376","https://openalex.org/W2156410490","https://openalex.org/W2028943099","https://openalex.org/W2365607761","https://openalex.org/W2575928290","https://openalex.org/W2355253265","https://openalex.org/W2015585073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,6,21,85,132,142],"the":[4,19,26,104,109,123,156],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"has":[9],"led":[10],"to":[11,107,154,166],"exponential":[12],"growth":[13],"in":[14,41,145,159],"wireless":[15,62],"network":[16],"traffic":[17],"and":[18,53,71,138,163],"number":[20],"connected":[22],"devices,":[23],"thereby":[24],"intensifying":[25],"demand":[27],"for":[28,46],"scarce":[29],"spectrum":[30,42,48],"resources.":[31],"In":[32,57,80],"this":[33,58],"context,":[34],"Wireless":[35],"signal":[36,63],"identification,":[37],"a":[38,66,73,100],"key":[39],"technology":[40],"sensing,":[43],"is":[44],"crucial":[45],"enhancing":[47],"utilization":[49],"by":[50,93],"mitigating":[51],"interference":[52],"ensuring":[54,112],"system":[55,168],"security.":[56,169],"study,":[59],"we":[60,89,98],"treat":[61],"identification":[64],"as":[65],"time":[67],"series":[68],"classification":[69],"task":[70],"propose":[72],"novel":[74],"model":[75],"based":[76,102],"on":[77,103,135],"Fourier-segmented":[78],"attention.":[79,96],"our":[81,136],"proposed":[82,124],"model,":[83],"instead":[84],"computing":[86,94],"point-level":[87],"attention,":[88],"extract":[90],"sequence":[91],"dependencies":[92],"segment-level":[95],"Moreover,":[97],"introduce":[99],"method":[101,125],"Fourier":[105],"transform":[106],"determine":[108],"segment":[110,115],"length,":[111],"that":[113,122],"each":[114],"captures":[116],"multi-scale":[117],"features.":[118],"Experimental":[119],"results":[120],"indicate":[121],"outperforms":[126],"existing":[127],"models,":[128],"achieving":[129],"an":[130,140],"accuracy":[131,146],"approximately":[133],"95%":[134],"dataset":[137],"representing":[139],"improvement":[141],"around":[143],"1.6%":[144],"over":[147],"competing":[148],"approaches.":[149],"Furthermore,":[150],"experiments":[151],"were":[152],"conducted":[153],"evaluate":[155],"model\u2019s":[157],"effectiveness":[158],"detecting":[160],"fake":[161],"signals":[162],"its":[164],"potential":[165],"enhance":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}