{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409581531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3562385","title":"Zero-Sum Optimal Control for a Cyber\u2013Physical System in Unreliable Communications via Secure Decentralized Policy Iteration","display_name":"Zero-Sum Optimal Control for a Cyber\u2013Physical System in Unreliable Communications via Secure Decentralized Policy Iteration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409581531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3562385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3562385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3562385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342397","display_name":"Kun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9929-7700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronautics and the State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Reusable Aerospace Transportation Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics and the State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Reusable Aerospace Transportation Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078316510","display_name":"Xiwang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-248X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiwang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Unmanned System, the School of Artificial Intelligence (Institute of Artificial Intelligence), and the School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence, School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Unmanned System, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Unmanned System, the School of Artificial Intelligence (Institute of Artificial Intelligence), and the School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Unmanned System, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625792","display_name":"Huaguang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-9824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756","https://openalex.org/I4391767858"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046844818","display_name":"Rong Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-0586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Robotics Technology Innovation, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, the Centre for Advanced Robotics Technology Innovation (CARTIN), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Robotics Technology Innovation, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, the Centre for Advanced Robotics Technology Innovation (CARTIN), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100342397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.6115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99782064,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"14","first_page":"27339","last_page":"27349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9484999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9484999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7167836427688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralised-system","display_name":"Decentralised system","score":0.5262205600738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.4721567630767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.46820762753486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4206625819206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4190274775028229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4101131558418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3493008017539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33647775650024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.32609808444976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.163083016872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09313809871673584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7167836427688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205875254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156857","display_name":"Decentralised system","level":3,"score":0.5262205600738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.4721567630767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.46820762753486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4206625819206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4190274775028229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4101131558418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3493008017539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33647775650024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.32609808444976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.163083016872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09313809871673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3562385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3562385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2680715701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62103408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W643169967","https://openalex.org/W1003609772","https://openalex.org/W2005437559","https://openalex.org/W2059529072","https://openalex.org/W2068156889","https://openalex.org/W2069038223","https://openalex.org/W2093058682","https://openalex.org/W2103759346","https://openalex.org/W2108383324","https://openalex.org/W2124541940","https://openalex.org/W2132555824","https://openalex.org/W2214884926","https://openalex.org/W2290211681","https://openalex.org/W2299109138","https://openalex.org/W2498694880","https://openalex.org/W2579603034","https://openalex.org/W2581258406","https://openalex.org/W2589571887","https://openalex.org/W2962678892","https://openalex.org/W3000216272","https://openalex.org/W3015842068","https://openalex.org/W3020912434","https://openalex.org/W3047879910","https://openalex.org/W3127275112","https://openalex.org/W3129962851","https://openalex.org/W3160122039","https://openalex.org/W3165210207","https://openalex.org/W3166776744","https://openalex.org/W3166832042","https://openalex.org/W4200538585","https://openalex.org/W4206305682","https://openalex.org/W4242471985","https://openalex.org/W4285306065","https://openalex.org/W4287854688","https://openalex.org/W4379409156","https://openalex.org/W4403826514","https://openalex.org/W4407212638"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W3019776739","https://openalex.org/W2546638913","https://openalex.org/W2209816623","https://openalex.org/W2968885840","https://openalex.org/W3135700974","https://openalex.org/W4313307484","https://openalex.org/W2791379413","https://openalex.org/W2086962923","https://openalex.org/W1522862521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,112],"paper":[1,42,76,125],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,17,41,63,79,87,93,102,124,132,135],"robust":[4],"consensus":[5,136],"scheme":[6,47,61,103],"for":[7],"a":[8,20,44,57,71,105,127],"specific":[9],"type":[10],"of":[11,19,134],"leader-follower":[12],"multi-agent":[13],"systems":[14],"(MASs)":[15],"in":[16,56],"context":[18],"human-cyber-physical":[21],"interactive":[22],"system.":[23],"The":[24,60,75],"system":[25],"encounters":[26],"frequent":[27],"communication":[28],"challenges":[29],"characterized":[30],"by":[31],"packet":[32],"loss":[33],"and":[34,85,118],"data":[35,98,116],"leakage.":[36],"To":[37,96],"address":[38],"these":[39],"challenges,":[40],"proposes":[43],"secure":[45,106],"decentralized":[46,72,121],"that":[48,78,108],"leverages":[49],"game":[50],"theory":[51],"to":[52,130],"determine":[53],"optimal":[54],"policies":[55],"zero-sum":[58],"game.":[59],"utilizes":[62],"adaptive":[64],"dynamic":[65],"programming":[66],"(ADP)":[67],"method,":[68],"which":[69],"involves":[70,109],"iterative":[73],"process.":[74],"demonstrates":[77],"generated":[80],"sequence":[81],"exhibits":[82],"exponential":[83],"convergence":[84,94],"provides":[86],"maximum":[88],"iteration":[89],"number":[90],"based":[91],"on":[92],"error.":[95],"mitigate":[97],"leakage":[99],"among":[100],"players,":[101],"incorporates":[104],"operation":[107],"encrypted":[110],"data.":[111],"integration":[113],"seamlessly":[114],"combines":[115],"conversion":[117],"encryption-decryption":[119],"into":[120],"computation.":[122],"Finally,":[123],"presents":[126],"simulation":[128],"example":[129],"validate":[131],"efficacy":[133],"scheme.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}