{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409223199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3558627","title":"CBPF: A Novel Method for Filtering Poisoned Data Based on Composite Backdoor Attacks","display_name":"CBPF: A Novel Method for Filtering Poisoned Data Based on Composite Backdoor Attacks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409223199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3558627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3558627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3558627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109737648","display_name":"Hanfeng Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75059550","display_name":"Zhejiang Gongshang University","ror":"https://ror.org/0569mkk41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanfeng Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083588975","display_name":"Haibo Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2908-8651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75059550","display_name":"Zhejiang Gongshang University","ror":"https://ror.org/0569mkk41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2908-8651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100694558","display_name":"Ruili Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-2772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruili Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083271889","display_name":"Yiru Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4864-1811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75059550","display_name":"Zhejiang Gongshang University","ror":"https://ror.org/0569mkk41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiru Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011300626","display_name":"Hao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7716-5116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75059550","display_name":"Zhejiang Gongshang University","ror":"https://ror.org/0569mkk41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109737648"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5198,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95890501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"13","first_page":"25136","last_page":"25147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.97079998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.9272578358650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7148256301879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.560787558555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3306894302368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32904547452926636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.9272578358650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7148256301879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.560787558555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3306894302368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32904547452926636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3558627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3558627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G916257056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067713319","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2807363941","https://openalex.org/W2942091739","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2970335439","https://openalex.org/W2990270730","https://openalex.org/W3034258347","https://openalex.org/W3106646114","https://openalex.org/W3107337211","https://openalex.org/W4214680449","https://openalex.org/W4251660045","https://openalex.org/W4285153705","https://openalex.org/W4312329299","https://openalex.org/W4386076050","https://openalex.org/W4390872938","https://openalex.org/W4393158745","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6746897123","https://openalex.org/W6756074407","https://openalex.org/W6756333562","https://openalex.org/W6766336336","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6788876066","https://openalex.org/W6789325072","https://openalex.org/W6796340106","https://openalex.org/W6803053407","https://openalex.org/W6803329306","https://openalex.org/W6839126366","https://openalex.org/W6848435698","https://openalex.org/W6850353503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4320031223","https://openalex.org/W4200629851","https://openalex.org/W4281902577","https://openalex.org/W4309417370","https://openalex.org/W4292107232","https://openalex.org/W3009072493","https://openalex.org/W4401407399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Backdoor":[0,95,147],"attacks":[1,23,61,233,252],"involve":[2],"the":[3,15,19,40,47,52,57,112,116,120,123,159,201,213,256,260],"injection":[4],"of":[5,9,29,59,77,115,122,171,248],"a":[6,26,64,87,103,126,137,169,243],"limited":[7],"quantity":[8],"poisoned":[10,69,165,178,202,227],"samples":[11,262],"containing":[12],"triggers":[13,101,132,184],"into":[14],"training":[16],"dataset.":[17],"During":[18],"inference":[20,214],"stage,":[21],"backdoor":[22,60,78],"can":[24,83],"uphold":[25],"high":[27,265],"level":[28],"accuracy":[30,266],"for":[31,67,250],"normal":[32],"examples,":[33],"yet":[34,118],"when":[35,130],"presented":[36],"with":[37],"trigger-containing":[38],"instances,":[39],"model":[41,257],"may":[42],"erroneously":[43],"predict":[44],"them":[45],"as":[46,125,145,153,209],"targeted":[48],"class":[49,129],"designated":[50],"by":[51,62,230],"attacker.":[53],"This":[54],"paper":[55],"addresses":[56],"challenge":[58],"developing":[63],"novel":[65,138],"method":[66],"filtering":[68,142,225,245],"samples.":[70],"We":[71],"primarily":[72],"leverage":[73],"two":[74,100],"key":[75],"characteristics":[76],"attacks:":[79],"1)":[80],"Multiple":[81],"backdoors":[82],"exist":[84],"simultaneously":[85],"within":[86],"single":[88],"model;":[89],"2)":[90],"The":[91,216],"discovery":[92],"through":[93],"Composite":[94,146],"Attack":[96],"(CBA)":[97],"that":[98,220],"altering":[99],"in":[102,162,224],"sample":[104],"to":[105,175,191,206],"new":[106,127,193],"target":[107,128,194,197],"labels":[108,188],"does":[109],"not":[110],"compromise":[111],"original":[113],"functionality":[114],"triggers,":[117],"enables":[119],"prediction":[121],"data":[124,141,172,205,228],"both":[131,177],"are":[133,185,189],"present":[134],"simultaneously.":[135],"Therefore,":[136],"three-stage":[139],"poisoning":[140],"approach,":[143],"known":[144],"Poisoning":[148],"Filtering":[149],"(CBPF),":[150],"is":[151,173,222],"proposed":[152],"an":[154],"effective":[155],"solution.":[156],"Firstly,":[157],"utilizing":[158],"identified":[160],"distinctions":[161],"output":[163],"between":[164],"and":[166,179,187,195,203,237],"clean":[167,180,204],"samples,":[168],"subset":[170],"partitioned":[174],"include":[176],"data.":[181],"Subsequently,":[182],"benign":[183,196],"incorporated":[186],"adjusted":[190],"create":[192],"classes,":[198],"thereby":[199],"prompting":[200],"be":[207],"classified":[208],"distinct":[210],"entities":[211],"during":[212],"stage.":[215],"experimental":[217],"results":[218],"indicate":[219],"CBPF":[221,241],"successful":[223],"out":[226],"produced":[229],"seven":[231],"advanced":[232],"on":[234,253,259],"CIFAR-10,":[235],"GTSRB":[236],"ImageNet-12.":[238],"On":[239],"average,":[240],"attains":[242],"notable":[244],"success":[246],"rate":[247],"99.88%":[249],"these":[251],"CIFAR-10.":[254],"Additionally,":[255],"trained":[258],"uncontaminated":[261],"exhibits":[263],"sustained":[264],"levels.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}