{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409129151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3557451","title":"A Surrogate Metric-Based Framework for Placing Infrastructure Sensing Units to Enhance Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Perception","display_name":"A Surrogate Metric-Based Framework for Placing Infrastructure Sensing Units to Enhance Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Perception","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409129151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3557451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3557451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3557451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064680787","display_name":"Yubing Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-1660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yubing Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008951790","display_name":"Yang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-1438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-1438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734859","display_name":"Shuyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0868-8378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0868-8378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000309313","display_name":"Zhongxiang Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-0787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxiang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010228559","display_name":"Yiik Diew Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7419-5777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiik Diew Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7419-5777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031686159","display_name":"Said M. Easa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-138X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Said Easa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-138X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0912,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9493479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"13","first_page":"25089","last_page":"25104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12486","display_name":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","score":0.9083999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7234199643135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6147556900978088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5868856906890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.4174567759037018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34411126375198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33501553535461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3279877305030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32040607929229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13935071229934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.08481955528259277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7234199643135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6147556900978088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5868856906890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.4174567759037018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34411126375198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33501553535461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3279877305030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32040607929229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13935071229934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.08481955528259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3557451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3557451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/217232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/217232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2369663038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2308085QE188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6245497965","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Ryerson-2020-04667","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G713626455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52402402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8445993003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2308085QE188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973311212","https://openalex.org/W2025345587","https://openalex.org/W2890683314","https://openalex.org/W2909746114","https://openalex.org/W2945662945","https://openalex.org/W2963343478","https://openalex.org/W2968337686","https://openalex.org/W2969279223","https://openalex.org/W2974808003","https://openalex.org/W2979823238","https://openalex.org/W3116583220","https://openalex.org/W3133071534","https://openalex.org/W3183683204","https://openalex.org/W3201193904","https://openalex.org/W3209274649","https://openalex.org/W3211519864","https://openalex.org/W3216885376","https://openalex.org/W3217682876","https://openalex.org/W4200167358","https://openalex.org/W4223507688","https://openalex.org/W4225517120","https://openalex.org/W4225818300","https://openalex.org/W4285082182","https://openalex.org/W4285102337","https://openalex.org/W4285814166","https://openalex.org/W4286374781","https://openalex.org/W4295832596","https://openalex.org/W4307060939","https://openalex.org/W4308080048","https://openalex.org/W4312339846","https://openalex.org/W4312947590","https://openalex.org/W4352977781","https://openalex.org/W4382203389","https://openalex.org/W4383097534","https://openalex.org/W4383899715","https://openalex.org/W4391611314","https://openalex.org/W4391769710","https://openalex.org/W4400524838","https://openalex.org/W6751552112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963077982","https://openalex.org/W2184280487","https://openalex.org/W3108402314","https://openalex.org/W4313317452","https://openalex.org/W4230475103","https://openalex.org/W2897362009","https://openalex.org/W4386971846","https://openalex.org/W3004302778","https://openalex.org/W2628861693","https://openalex.org/W578380379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,83,109,123,149,230],"anticipated":[2],"that":[3,165],"roadside":[4],"infrastructure":[5],"sensing":[6],"units":[7],"(ISU)":[8],"can":[9,170,187],"cooperatively":[10],"work":[11],"with":[12,85,151,191],"intelligent":[13],"and":[14,95,119,122,136,142,168,208,238],"connected":[15,62],"vehicles":[16],"(ICVs)":[17],"to":[18,56,72,111,158,178,233,251],"perceive":[19],"traffic":[20,63,206],"scenes":[21],"more":[22],"accurately":[23],"when":[24],"ICVs":[25,96,246],"increasingly":[26],"penetrate":[27],"the":[28,31,38,47,74,90,100,113,116,143,152,179,182,196,217,221,227,234,243],"market.":[29],"However,":[30],"dynamic":[32,77],"occlusion":[33],"issue":[34],"may":[35],"still":[36],"impair":[37],"cooperative":[39],"vehicle-infrastructure":[40],"perception":[41],"capability":[42],"(CVIPC).":[43],"This":[44,65],"study":[45,66],"addresses":[46],"lack":[48],"of":[49,76,245],"an":[50],"effective":[51],"method":[52],"for":[53,129],"placing":[54],"ISUs":[55,94],"augment":[57],"CVIPC":[58,198],"in":[59,173,242],"a":[60,86,126,192,239],"partially":[61],"environment.":[64],"introduces":[67],"probabilistic":[68],"occupancy":[69],"grids":[70],"(POGs)":[71],"model":[73],"uncertainty":[75],"occlusions.":[78],"The":[79,105,161],"ground":[80,117,235],"truth":[81,118,236],"POG":[82,92,229],"estimated":[84,98],"co-simulation":[87],"method,":[88],"while":[89],"observed":[91,120,228],"by":[93,200],"are":[97],"using":[99],"proposed":[101],"occlusion-considered":[102],"ray-tracing":[103],"algorithm.":[104],"cross":[106],"entropy":[107],"(CE)":[108],"applied":[110],"measure":[112],"difference":[114],"between":[115],"POGs":[121],"used":[124],"as":[125,139,220],"surrogate":[127,183],"metric":[128,184],"estimating":[130],"CVIPC.":[131,160,215,253],"Setting":[132],"ISUs\u2019":[133,175],"placement":[134],"parameters":[135],"POG-based":[137],"CE":[138],"decision":[140],"variables":[141],"objective,":[144],"respectively,":[145],"Bayesian":[146],"optimization":[147,190],"(BO)":[148],"integrated":[150],"multi-agent":[153],"deep":[154],"reinforcement":[155],"learning":[156],"(DRL)":[157],"maximize":[159],"test":[162,218],"results":[163],"imply":[164],"combining":[166],"BO":[167,172],"DRL":[169],"outperform":[171],"optimizing":[174],"placement.":[176],"Compared":[177],"simulation-in-the-loop":[180],"optimization,":[181],"-based":[185],"framework":[186],"achieve":[188],"faster":[189],"small":[193],"compromise":[194],"on":[195],"optimized":[197],"measured":[199],"intersection":[201],"over":[202],"union.":[203],"Traffic":[204],"volume,":[205],"composition":[207],"ICV":[209,222],"penetration":[210,223],"rate":[211,224],"all":[212],"substantially":[213,249],"affect":[214],"In":[216],"cases,":[219],"reaches":[225],"50%,":[226],"very":[231],"close":[232],"POG,":[237],"further":[240],"increase":[241],"number":[244],"does":[247],"not":[248],"contribute":[250],"improving":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-29T08:53:18.405633","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}