{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408941281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3555524","title":"A Quantum-Resistant Lightweight Hierarchical Privacy Protection Scheme for Traffic Images","display_name":"A Quantum-Resistant Lightweight Hierarchical Privacy Protection Scheme for Traffic Images","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408941281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3555524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3555524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3555524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109497368","display_name":"Yuning Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2739-9089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuning Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2739-9089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035238307","display_name":"Jingguo Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-5485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingguo Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-5485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734103","display_name":"Lixiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9949-8731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Center and the State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","Information Security Center and State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9949-8731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Center and the State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Center and State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016214742","display_name":"Haipeng Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-0126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haipeng Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Center and the State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","Information Security Center and State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-0126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Center and the State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Center and State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100439282","display_name":"Ran Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7666-0599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092846772","display_name":"Xiaofei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7120-3023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Center and the State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","Information Security Center and State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7120-3023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Center and the State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Center and State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109497368"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2665,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86982554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"13","first_page":"24615","last_page":"24630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.921500027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.921500027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.772408127784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"Privacy protection","score":0.68684983253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6603518724441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4840640127658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.456287682056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4253394901752472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.772408127784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.68684983253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6603518724441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4840640127658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.456287682056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4253394901752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3555524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3555524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2396152343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5114485893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. B21049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5115219236","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFB4504700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7731347309","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B21049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7784242454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFB2906503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8014458112","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2902202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061949491","https://openalex.org/W2534039953","https://openalex.org/W2612400923","https://openalex.org/W2905021484","https://openalex.org/W2950356207","https://openalex.org/W2969815465","https://openalex.org/W2986186111","https://openalex.org/W3025598099","https://openalex.org/W3046890664","https://openalex.org/W3084991560","https://openalex.org/W3088014942","https://openalex.org/W3137640399","https://openalex.org/W3167657925","https://openalex.org/W3191656573","https://openalex.org/W3198582384","https://openalex.org/W4206353144","https://openalex.org/W4238744307","https://openalex.org/W4280589721","https://openalex.org/W4285157617","https://openalex.org/W4292283852","https://openalex.org/W4297095256","https://openalex.org/W4297235651","https://openalex.org/W4307303988","https://openalex.org/W4308518090","https://openalex.org/W4308731480","https://openalex.org/W4366818860","https://openalex.org/W4385255132","https://openalex.org/W4386609213","https://openalex.org/W4387546442","https://openalex.org/W4388878535","https://openalex.org/W4389076747","https://openalex.org/W4389495243","https://openalex.org/W4389620384","https://openalex.org/W4389776442","https://openalex.org/W4392172855","https://openalex.org/W4392511198","https://openalex.org/W4392796551","https://openalex.org/W4395447485","https://openalex.org/W4396214332","https://openalex.org/W4396214987","https://openalex.org/W4399416003","https://openalex.org/W4403211284","https://openalex.org/W6717539790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022534164","https://openalex.org/W4403547452","https://openalex.org/W4396832952","https://openalex.org/W3128194758","https://openalex.org/W3046095319","https://openalex.org/W3197497514","https://openalex.org/W1591172238","https://openalex.org/W2111194702","https://openalex.org/W2972172135","https://openalex.org/W2116878667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,9,21,37,53,68,152,168,188,194,196,221,225,237,249],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"technology,":[5],"through":[6],"the":[7,16,51,66,134,144,149,166,172,186,234,247],"deployment":[8],"sensors":[10],"and":[11,19,26,56,107,121,127,148,185,201],"intelligent":[12],"traffic":[13,22,30,99],"cameras,":[14],"facilitates":[15],"collection,":[17],"processing,":[18],"analysis":[20],"flow,":[23],"vehicle":[24],"density,":[25],"road":[27],"conditions.":[28],"However,":[29],"image":[31,169,209],"data":[32,58,239],"contains":[33],"a":[34,72,92,114,137,175,218],"substantial":[35,73],"amount":[36],"personal":[38,54,238],"sensitive":[39],"information.":[40],"Therefore,":[41],"implementing":[42],"hierarchical":[43,94,108,138],"encryption":[44,140,179,210],"on":[45,143,182],"images":[46,100,195],"is":[47,59],"crucial":[48],"for":[49,81,98,133,161],"preventing":[50],"leakage":[52],"privacy":[55,95,109],"ensuring":[57],"used":[60],"in":[61,241,246],"compliance":[62],"with":[63,118],"regulations.":[64],"Moreover,":[65],"rise":[67],"quantum":[69,105,251],"computing":[70,252],"poses":[71],"threat":[74],"to":[75,124,158,233],"existing":[76],"key":[77,103],"distribution":[78],"systems,":[79],"especially":[80],"resource-constrained":[82,242],"IoT":[83,243],"devices.":[84],"To":[85],"address":[86],"these":[87],"challenges,":[88],"this":[89,208],"article":[90],"presents":[91],"lightweight":[93],"protection":[96],"scheme":[97,112,141,173],"that":[101,207],"addresses":[102],"adaptability,":[104],"threats,":[106],"protection.":[110],"includes":[113,174],"lattice-based":[115],"public-key":[116,178],"algorithm":[117,180,211],"updatable":[119],"public":[120],"private":[122],"keys":[123,160],"ensure":[125],"quantum-resistant":[126],"forward":[128],"security.":[129],"It":[130],"also":[131],"introduces,":[132],"first":[135],"time,":[136],"tree-structured":[139],"based":[142,181],"SHA3":[145],"hash":[146],"function":[147],"homomorphic":[150],"property":[151],"compressed":[153,176],"sensing,":[154],"allowing":[155],"high-permission":[156],"users":[157,163],"generate":[159],"low-permission":[162],"without":[164],"compromising":[165],"quality":[167],"decryption.":[170],"Additionally,":[171],"sensing":[177],"chaotic":[183],"systems":[184],"difficulty":[187],"matrix":[189],"factorization,":[190],"which":[191],"supports":[192],"sampling":[193],"any":[197],"size,":[198],"enhancing":[199],"adaptability":[200],"reducing":[202],"resource":[203],"consumption.":[204],"Tests":[205],"indicate":[206],"can":[212],"resist":[213],"various":[214],"statistical":[215],"analyses,":[216],"achieving":[217],"high":[219],"number":[220],"pixel":[222],"change":[223],"rate":[224],"99.6277%.":[226],"In":[227],"summary,":[228],"our":[229],"research":[230],"significantly":[231],"contributes":[232],"effective":[235],"safeguarding":[236],"security":[240],"environments,":[244],"particularly":[245],"face":[248],"potential":[250],"threats.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}