{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408858356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3554506","title":"Renewable Energy Optimization for Distributed EV Charging Stations Using HBA and Smart Contracts","display_name":"Renewable Energy Optimization for Distributed EV Charging Stations Using HBA and Smart Contracts","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408858356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3554506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3554506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3554506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055522022","display_name":"Avinash Kaur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3534-4121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Avinash Kaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","Avinash Kaur and Parminder Singh are the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avinash Kaur and Parminder Singh are the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640929","display_name":"Parminder Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-6309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165682329","display_name":"Guru Nanak Dev University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghzpa93","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parminder Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","Jagdeep Singh was the Department of Information Technology, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jagdeep Singh was the Department of Information Technology, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089866950","display_name":"Jagdeep Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-8307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165682329","display_name":"Guru Nanak Dev University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghzpa93","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jagdeep Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055522022"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91041683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"17","first_page":"34700","last_page":"34707"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.7178764343261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.604620099067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.43253734707832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2926254868507385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11735484004020691}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7178764343261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.604620099067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.43253734707832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2926254868507385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11735484004020691}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3554506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3554506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009566243","https://openalex.org/W2102660738","https://openalex.org/W2141503184","https://openalex.org/W2143022498","https://openalex.org/W2567972652","https://openalex.org/W2728781281","https://openalex.org/W2769663912","https://openalex.org/W2808276562","https://openalex.org/W2890375152","https://openalex.org/W2900560421","https://openalex.org/W2908888431","https://openalex.org/W3022277117","https://openalex.org/W3031419107","https://openalex.org/W3081166666","https://openalex.org/W3187608373","https://openalex.org/W3196661916","https://openalex.org/W3199832033","https://openalex.org/W4313889658","https://openalex.org/W4360584384","https://openalex.org/W4378696736","https://openalex.org/W4390920646","https://openalex.org/W4391305717","https://openalex.org/W4392920355","https://openalex.org/W4393379620","https://openalex.org/W4399423307","https://openalex.org/W4402824679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2943443863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,80,100,118,138],"demand":[1,77,85],"for":[2,52,107,115,132,161],"electric":[3],"vehicles":[4],"(EVs)":[5],"is":[6,86,105,121],"influenced":[7],"by":[8,93],"the":[9,15,67,89,95,108,112,124,143,148],"location":[10,49,156],"of":[11,17,23,83,111,150,158],"charging":[12,54,70,113,127,159],"stations":[13,55,160],"and":[14,32,41,78,98,126,135],"management":[16,50,157],"renewable":[18,24,57,152],"energy":[19,25,42,153],"production.":[20],"Efficient":[21],"control":[22],"can":[26,146],"optimize":[27],"resource":[28],"usage,":[29],"cost":[30],"reduction,":[31],"enhance":[33],"operator\u2019s":[34],"profitability,":[35],"whereas":[36],"mismanagement":[37],"adversely":[38],"impacts":[39],"economic":[40],"efficiency.":[43],"This":[44],"study":[45],"proposed":[46,90,144],"an":[47],"optimal":[48,109],"system":[51],"distributed":[53],"with":[56,88,154],"energy.":[58],"A":[59],"reward":[60],"mechanism":[61],"has":[62],"been":[63],"designed":[64],"to":[65,129],"support":[66],"electrical":[68],"vehicle":[69],"station":[71],"(EVCS)":[72],"operators":[73,128],"based":[74],"on":[75],"uncertain":[76],"location.":[79],"unexpected":[81],"arrival":[82],"EV":[84,116],"catered":[87],"response":[91],"model":[92,145],"considering":[94],"price,":[96],"time,":[97],"charging.":[99],"Honey":[101],"Badger":[102],"Algorithm":[103],"(HBA)":[104],"used":[106],"operation":[110],"operator":[114],"response.":[117],"smart":[119],"contract":[120],"deployed":[122],"between":[123],"transmission":[125],"decide":[130],"incentives":[131],"handling":[133],"congestion":[134],"voltage":[136],"stability.":[137],"experiment":[139],"results":[140],"demonstrate":[141],"that":[142],"reduce":[147],"overproduction":[149],"variable":[151],"proper":[155],"EVs.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}