{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408251920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3548088","title":"Two-Hop Partial Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in Air\u2013Ground Integrated Mobile Edge Computing Network: A DRL-Based Method","display_name":"Two-Hop Partial Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in Air\u2013Ground Integrated Mobile Edge Computing Network: A DRL-Based Method","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408251920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3548088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3548088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3548088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100615081","display_name":"Shichao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-5031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-5031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081547992","display_name":"Baobiao Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingji Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9307-7412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063529604","display_name":"Laha Ale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4070-5289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laha Ale","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4070-5289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100647912","display_name":"Hongbin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4008-3704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4008-3704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035047319","display_name":"Fangqing Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-3699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangqing Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-3699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101293243","display_name":"Jingyue Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyue Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3948,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.980823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"21443","last_page":"21456"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8269451856613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.7337189316749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5609921813011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.4874105751514435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4689953625202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.46879205107688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.4657704532146454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.46330195665359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4550006687641144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.44166526198387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.42846179008483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.39227181673049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.23835483193397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15146973729133606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8269451856613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7337189316749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5609921813011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4874105751514435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4689953625202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46879205107688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.4657704532146454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.46330195665359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4550006687641144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.44166526198387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.42846179008483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.39227181673049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.23835483193397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15146973729133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3548088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3548088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1111077274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62361016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1494565670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62061009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2857438077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4702819644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202108450022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6096344179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202108450022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6611624789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62361016, 62061009, 62261013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786446607","https://openalex.org/W2885614314","https://openalex.org/W3037858978","https://openalex.org/W3048678434","https://openalex.org/W3113682412","https://openalex.org/W3117267439","https://openalex.org/W3132783610","https://openalex.org/W3162943737","https://openalex.org/W3194988969","https://openalex.org/W3206518731","https://openalex.org/W4205140704","https://openalex.org/W4206744346","https://openalex.org/W4212797575","https://openalex.org/W4213117259","https://openalex.org/W4226478636","https://openalex.org/W4285131565","https://openalex.org/W4320002923","https://openalex.org/W4323022389","https://openalex.org/W4327559498","https://openalex.org/W4362714352","https://openalex.org/W4384080292","https://openalex.org/W4385453605","https://openalex.org/W4385517731","https://openalex.org/W4386234175","https://openalex.org/W4391892600","https://openalex.org/W4392567265","https://openalex.org/W4393028518","https://openalex.org/W4393028724","https://openalex.org/W4395471027","https://openalex.org/W4396753428","https://openalex.org/W4401414395","https://openalex.org/W6802002411","https://openalex.org/W6840548035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361251304","https://openalex.org/W3024547383","https://openalex.org/W4210813012","https://openalex.org/W3174690704","https://openalex.org/W4221092438","https://openalex.org/W4406207611","https://openalex.org/W4407633523","https://openalex.org/W4385335479","https://openalex.org/W2905685817","https://openalex.org/W2730940305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"integration":[1],"of":[2,19,33,75,121,128,175,216,233,266],"mobile":[3],"edge":[4],"computing":[5],"(MEC)":[6],"and":[7,29,45,63,91,108,132,149,155,161,183,200,209,224,244],"air-ground":[8,81],"integrated":[9,82],"network":[10],"is":[11,89,139,250],"viewed":[12],"as":[13],"a":[14,56,103,237],"crucial":[15],"technology":[16],"for":[17],"Internet":[18],"Remote":[20],"Things":[21],"(IoRT)":[22],"devices.":[23],"It":[24],"provides":[25],"widespread":[26],"service":[27],"coverage":[28],"allows":[30],"the":[31,40,46,70,80,87,96,110,119,122,126,129,133,136,145,157,172,176,184,195,206,214,217,231,256,268],"tasks":[32],"IoRT":[34,77,130,150],"devices":[35,78,131],"to":[36,68,93,115,203,213],"be":[37],"executed":[38],"by":[39,95],"uncrewed":[41],"aerial":[42],"vehicles":[43],"(UAVs)":[44],"high":[47],"altitude":[48],"platforms":[49],"(HAPs).":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"article,":[53],"we":[54,99,170,193],"investigate":[55],"joint":[57,238],"partial":[58,158,239],"task":[59,72,159,240,270],"offloading,":[60,241],"resource":[61,162,242],"allocation,":[62,243],"UAV":[64,146,245],"trajectory":[65,147,246],"design":[66,148,247],"problem":[67,88,138],"minimize":[69],"total":[71,269],"offloading":[73,160,271],"delay":[74],"all":[76],"in":[79,264],"MEC":[83],"network.":[84],"Given":[85],"that":[86,255],"nonconvex":[90],"hard":[92],"solve":[94],"traditional":[97],"methods,":[98,190],"convert":[100],"it":[101],"into":[102,141],"Markov":[104],"decision":[105],"process":[106],"(MDP)":[107],"leverage":[109],"deep":[111,178],"reinforcement":[112],"learning":[113],"method":[114],"address":[116,166],"it.":[117],"Considering":[118],"complexity":[120],"MDP":[123],"grows":[124],"with":[125],"number":[127],"UAVs":[134],"increasing,":[135],"primal":[137],"decomposed":[140],"two":[142,168,235],"subproblems:":[143],"1)":[144],"device":[151],"power":[152],"control":[153],"subproblem,":[154],"2)":[156],"allocation":[163],"subproblem.":[164],"To":[165],"these":[167,234],"subproblems,":[169,236],"apply":[171],"basic":[173],"concepts":[174],"multiagent":[177],"deterministic":[179],"policy":[180,187],"gradient":[181],"(MADDPG)":[182],"independent":[185],"proximal":[186],"optimization":[188],"(IPPO)":[189],"respectively.":[191],"Additionally,":[192],"introduce":[194],"enhanced":[196],"prioritized":[197,219],"experience":[198,220],"replay":[199,221],"noise":[201,225],"value":[202],"improve":[204],"both":[205],"convergence":[207],"performance":[208],"rate.":[210],"This":[211],"leads":[212],"development":[215],"MADDPG-improved":[218],"(MADDPG-IPER)":[222],"algorithm":[223,249,259],"value-IPPO":[226],"(NV-IPPO)":[227],"algorithm.":[228],"Based":[229],"on":[230],"solution":[232],"(JPTORAUTD)":[248],"proposed.":[251],"Simulation":[252],"results":[253],"present":[254],"proposed":[257],"JPTORAUTD":[258],"outperforms":[260],"other":[261],"benchmark":[262],"algorithms":[263],"terms":[265],"reducing":[267],"delay.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}