{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408017210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3546745","title":"Multifeature Fusion-Based Closed-Box Attack Detection Method for Automatic Modulation Classification","display_name":"Multifeature Fusion-Based Closed-Box Attack Detection Method for Automatic Modulation Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408017210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3546745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3546745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3546745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101710904","display_name":"Rui Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-6357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-6357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006477225","display_name":"Yang Cong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-0189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101913100","display_name":"Xuhao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5387-544X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086082119","display_name":"Lei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-6892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19268510","display_name":"Qualcomm (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04d3djg48","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19268510","https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Department, Creatcomm Technology Company Ltd., Suzhou, China","Creatcomm Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, Creatcomm Technology Company Ltd., Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19268510"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Creatcomm Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2763,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94667837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"13","first_page":"22758","last_page":"22771"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7358982563018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.6473324298858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5549898743629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5156606435775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5096521377563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5083364844322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.44937023520469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4419782757759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4387006461620331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3254321813583374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7358982563018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.6473324298858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5549898743629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5156606435775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5096521377563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5083364844322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.44937023520469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4419782757759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4387006461620331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3254321813583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3546745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3546745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3215355310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2603396821","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2962763344","https://openalex.org/W2962872506","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963809753","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2963882994","https://openalex.org/W2972986629","https://openalex.org/W3000943722","https://openalex.org/W3022311971","https://openalex.org/W3048385670","https://openalex.org/W3075060036","https://openalex.org/W3089221115","https://openalex.org/W3176469059","https://openalex.org/W3200744636","https://openalex.org/W3212790025","https://openalex.org/W4224950673","https://openalex.org/W4226409694","https://openalex.org/W4285555619","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4312268651","https://openalex.org/W4312424218","https://openalex.org/W4362563530","https://openalex.org/W4394597475","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6731927902","https://openalex.org/W6750404860","https://openalex.org/W6768366551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W2047881532","https://openalex.org/W2104657898","https://openalex.org/W4389072557","https://openalex.org/W1948992892","https://openalex.org/W1886884218","https://openalex.org/W1910826599","https://openalex.org/W2012353789","https://openalex.org/W2530420969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"application":[1],"of":[2,55,70,112,146,199],"deep":[3],"learning":[4,107],"(DL)":[5],"technologies":[6],"in":[7,203],"automatic":[8],"modulation":[9],"classification":[10],"(AMC)":[11],"faces":[12],"significant":[13],"challenges":[14],"from":[15,80,173],"adversarial":[16,56,118,139,157,193,204],"attacks.":[17],"Existing":[18],"attack":[19,44,129,140,179,183],"methods":[20],"often":[21],"rely":[22],"on":[23],"idealized":[24],"assumptions":[25],"and":[26,53,84,105,114,142,177,195],"are":[27],"inadequate":[28],"for":[29,191],"complex":[30],"real-world":[31],"scenarios.":[32],"To":[33],"address":[34],"this":[35,127],"issue,":[36],"we":[37,75,96,116,131],"propose":[38],"an":[39,77,188],"innovative":[40],"multifeature":[41,87,200],"fusion-based":[42],"closed-box":[43,192],"detection":[45],"method":[46,49,149],"(MFCA).":[47],"This":[48,185],"enhances":[50,138],"the":[51,81,98,121,144,147,197],"effectiveness":[52],"quality":[54],"examples":[57,119,158],"by":[58,101,160],"utilizing":[59],"a":[60,86],"multimodel":[61],"fusion":[62,88,123,201],"strategy":[63],"to":[64,90,171],"extract":[65],"diverse":[66,135],"features.":[67],"MFCA":[68,148,161],"consists":[69],"three":[71],"key":[72],"steps:":[73],"1)":[74],"obtain":[76],"initial":[78],"dataset":[79],"target":[82],"model":[83,89,136],"use":[85],"approximate":[91],"its":[92],"decision":[93],"boundary;":[94],"2)":[95],"enhance":[97],"model\u2019s":[99],"stability":[100],"applying":[102],"data":[103],"augmentation":[104],"incremental":[106],"techniques":[108],"through":[109],"multiple":[110],"rounds":[111],"training;":[113],"3)":[115],"generate":[117],"using":[120],"optimized":[122],"model.":[124],"By":[125],"constructing":[126],"comprehensive":[128],"framework,":[130],"demonstrate":[132],"how":[133],"integrating":[134],"characteristics":[137],"performance":[141],"evaluate":[143],"robustness":[145],"against":[150],"defense":[151],"strategies.":[152],"Experimental":[153],"results":[154],"show":[155],"that":[156],"generated":[159],"exhibit":[162],"significantly":[163],"higher":[164],"transferability":[165],"across":[166],"different":[167],"perturbation":[168],"levels":[169],"compared":[170],"those":[172],"single":[174],"substitute":[175],"models":[176,202],"other":[178],"methods,":[180],"with":[181],"superior":[182],"efficacy.":[184],"research":[186],"provides":[187],"effective":[189],"solution":[190],"attacks":[194],"validates":[196],"advantages":[198],"example":[205],"generation.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-02-28T00:00:00"}