{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408017308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3546336","title":"Covert Communications in D2D Underlaying Cellular Networks With Dual Uncertainties at the Warden","display_name":"Covert Communications in D2D Underlaying Cellular Networks With Dual Uncertainties at the Warden","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408017308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3546336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3546336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3546336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070659212","display_name":"Zhidian Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4802-066X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyi Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4802-066X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012652754","display_name":"Weiyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9552-7221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9552-7221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038040209","display_name":"Junshan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junshan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085315242","display_name":"Haiyang Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-5216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-5216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089256340","display_name":"Shilian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4132-8750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4132-8750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhengbo Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6645349","display_name":"Southwest Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gaexw88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6645349"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengbo Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Electronic and Telecommunication, National Key Laboratory on Blind Signal Processing, Chengdu, China","National Key Laboratory on Blind Signal Processing, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Electronic and Telecommunication, National Key Laboratory on Blind Signal Processing, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6645349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory on Blind Signal Processing, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8166,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90034434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"21195","last_page":"21209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.739647626876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.6849336624145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.6382090449333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5142061710357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-radio","display_name":"Cellular radio","score":0.46671387553215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.4648500978946686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.17933931946754456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.739647626876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.6849336624145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.6382090449333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5142061710357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.46671387553215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.4648500978946686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.17933931946754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3546336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3546336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2185895378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LGNY-25","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329338","funder_display_name":"Independent Innovation Foundation of Higher Education of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2941496866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 62171445, Grant 62371457, and Grant 62201590","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G531055343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7790135856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8741220076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201590","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329338","display_name":"Independent Innovation Foundation of Higher Education of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605366437","https://openalex.org/W2004509470","https://openalex.org/W2020661221","https://openalex.org/W2060500262","https://openalex.org/W2091271483","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2114722040","https://openalex.org/W2126983860","https://openalex.org/W2334157998","https://openalex.org/W2506174538","https://openalex.org/W2569942007","https://openalex.org/W2570516435","https://openalex.org/W2586599018","https://openalex.org/W2594393372","https://openalex.org/W2751411055","https://openalex.org/W2795648038","https://openalex.org/W2893082680","https://openalex.org/W2915414279","https://openalex.org/W2944050096","https://openalex.org/W2947179957","https://openalex.org/W2963113656","https://openalex.org/W2963513299","https://openalex.org/W2973495026","https://openalex.org/W2981443503","https://openalex.org/W2996091326","https://openalex.org/W3000032937","https://openalex.org/W3006636511","https://openalex.org/W3198753883","https://openalex.org/W3201966603","https://openalex.org/W4232753567","https://openalex.org/W4233022137","https://openalex.org/W4285204942","https://openalex.org/W4285261567","https://openalex.org/W4292793902","https://openalex.org/W4361981996","https://openalex.org/W4362683510","https://openalex.org/W4377079826","https://openalex.org/W4387913969","https://openalex.org/W4388642519","https://openalex.org/W4400878491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131118370","https://openalex.org/W2252345849","https://openalex.org/W2044179863","https://openalex.org/W2142972685","https://openalex.org/W1925193661","https://openalex.org/W2099296666","https://openalex.org/W1999985077","https://openalex.org/W1969927877","https://openalex.org/W2538084630","https://openalex.org/W2136393527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Covert":[0],"device-to-device":[1],"(D2D)":[2],"communication":[3,24,32,104,126,163,170,196],"aims":[4],"to":[5,123,141],"hide":[6],"the":[7,14,35,46,54,57,64,68,77,109,112,128,132,135,143,148,152,160,177,191,203,214,221],"existence":[8],"of":[9,59,79,151,180],"D2D":[10,23,31,81,103,162,169],"transmission":[11],"behavior":[12],"from":[13,223],"warden,":[15,47,110],"which":[16],"plays":[17],"a":[18],"pivotal":[19],"role":[20],"in":[21,91,127],"bolstering":[22],"security.":[25],"The":[26,117,167,187],"existing":[27],"research":[28],"on":[29],"covert":[30,80,97,102,125,215],"either":[33],"considered":[34,49],"interference\u2019s":[36],"assistance":[37,58],"with":[38,105,183,205],"perfect":[39],"channel":[40,50,85],"state":[41],"information":[42,52],"(CSI)":[43],"available":[44],"at":[45,53,108],"or":[48],"distribution":[51],"warden":[55,113],"without":[56],"interference.":[60],"These":[61],"setups":[62],"facilitate":[63],"performance":[65,197],"analyses":[66],"and":[67,87,159],"parameters":[69],"design,":[70],"which,":[71],"however,":[72],"did":[73],"not":[74,218],"fully":[75],"exploit":[76],"potential":[78],"communication,":[82],"since":[83],"both":[84,146],"uncertainty":[86,89],"interference":[88,222],"exist":[90],"practice.":[92],"In":[93,131],"this":[94],"article,":[95],"two":[96],"schemes":[98,193],"are":[99,165],"proposed":[100,192],"for":[101],"dual":[106,200],"uncertainties":[107],"where":[111],"has":[114],"imperfect":[115],"CSI.":[116],"base":[118],"station":[119],"transmits":[120],"artificial":[121,224],"noise":[122],"assist":[124],"first":[129],"scheme.":[130],"second":[133],"scheme,":[134],"cellular":[136,207],"user":[137],"adopts":[138],"variable":[139,206],"power":[140,179,210],"confuse":[142],"warden.":[144],"For":[145],"schemes,":[147],"closed-form":[149],"expressions":[150],"warden\u2019s":[153],"approximate":[154],"minimum":[155],"detection":[156],"error":[157],"probability":[158],"achievable":[161,168],"rate":[164,171],"derived.":[166],"is":[172],"maximized":[173],"by":[174,198],"jointly":[175],"optimizing":[176],"transmit":[178,209],"different":[181],"links":[182],"given":[184],"covertness":[185],"requirement.":[186],"results":[188],"suggest":[189],"that":[190],"achieve":[194],"higher":[195],"considering":[199],"uncertainties.":[201],"Moreover,":[202],"scheme":[204],"user\u2019s":[208],"performs":[211],"better":[212],"when":[213],"receiver":[216],"can":[217],"well":[219],"handle":[220],"noise.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
