{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407304386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3540171","title":"A Fault-Tolerant Group Key Management Scheme for Internet of Things Based on Multilayer Blockchain","display_name":"A Fault-Tolerant Group Key Management Scheme for Internet of Things Based on Multilayer Blockchain","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407304386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3540171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3540171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3540171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhiwen Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5141-4202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwen Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5141-4202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000687523","display_name":"Tingrui Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1205-5899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282113950","display_name":"United States Department of Homeland Security","ror":"https://ror.org/00jyr0d86","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282113950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingrui Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, the College of Cyber Security, and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","College of Cyber Security, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Jinan University, and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Guangzhou, Chin"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1205-5899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, the College of Cyber Security, and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282113950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Jinan University, and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Guangzhou, Chin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351377","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-5010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-5010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060634791","display_name":"Kaimin Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8925-6453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaimin Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062020254","display_name":"Yingyang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-9202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingyang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-9202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sixing Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9303-5509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sixing Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9303-5509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0478,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91263837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"18004","last_page":"18018"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13161","display_name":"Ideological and Political Education","score":0.8877000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13161","display_name":"Ideological and Political Education","score":0.8877000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8540147542953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.774776816368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5888080596923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5659152269363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5516234636306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5184535384178162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5149756073951721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.511375367641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-management","display_name":"Key management","score":0.48335713148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.44630736112594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.4332340955734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40791210532188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3094203472137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18007895350456238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8540147542953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.774776816368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5888080596923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5659152269363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5516234636306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5184535384178162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5149756073951721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.511375367641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17886624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320561","display_name":"Key management","level":3,"score":0.48335713148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44630736112594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4332340955734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40791210532188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3094203472137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18007895350456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3540171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3540171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2055059601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W2411053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335568","funder_display_name":"International Cooperation and Exchange Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7465859601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8030185912","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W2411053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335568","display_name":"International Cooperation and Exchange Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013699853","https://openalex.org/W2019267322","https://openalex.org/W2025322090","https://openalex.org/W2061199662","https://openalex.org/W2064967060","https://openalex.org/W2078883251","https://openalex.org/W2105521385","https://openalex.org/W2111799375","https://openalex.org/W2117362057","https://openalex.org/W2131123432","https://openalex.org/W2164090669","https://openalex.org/W2165482045","https://openalex.org/W2286649377","https://openalex.org/W2609252516","https://openalex.org/W2791518958","https://openalex.org/W2951773754","https://openalex.org/W3048793407","https://openalex.org/W3048984360","https://openalex.org/W3097857975","https://openalex.org/W3116484444","https://openalex.org/W3127981346","https://openalex.org/W4200473885","https://openalex.org/W4205426993","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4255501477","https://openalex.org/W4381232946","https://openalex.org/W4388347387","https://openalex.org/W4399666390","https://openalex.org/W4400113704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W3093625357","https://openalex.org/W2625310891","https://openalex.org/W2255058412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28,55,89,157],"importance":[1],"of":[2,8,11,21,61,94,101,154,159],"group":[3,31,114],"communication":[4,23,133],"in":[5,115],"the":[6,9,17,92,99,111,140,152,155,160,165],"context":[7],"Internet":[10],"Things":[12],"(IoT)":[13],"is":[14],"growing,":[15],"yet":[16],"security":[18,169],"and":[19,52,58,103,137,170],"stability":[20,153],"this":[22],"are":[24,36,47],"facing":[25],"significant":[26],"challenges.":[27],"prevailing":[29],"distributed":[30],"key":[32],"management":[33,93],"(GKM)":[34],"schemes":[35],"ill-suited":[37],"to":[38,49,71,130],"resource-constrained":[39],"devices.":[40,138],"Furthermore,":[41],"those":[42],"that":[43,164],"rely":[44],"on":[45,64,106,124],"servers":[46,108],"vulnerable":[48],"single-point":[50],"failures":[51],"Byzantine":[53,85,148],"risks.":[54],"distributed,":[56],"immutable,":[57],"automatic":[59],"execution":[60],"smart":[62,104],"contracts":[63,105],"blockchains":[65,136],"may":[66],"offer":[67],"a":[68,78,116,143],"potential":[69],"solution":[70],"these":[72],"problems.":[73],"This":[74],"article":[75],"puts":[76],"forth":[77],"multilayer":[79],"blockchain-based":[80],"IoT":[81,95],"GKM":[82],"scheme":[83,90,141,166],"with":[84],"fault":[86,171],"tolerance":[87],"(BFT).":[88],"oversees":[91],"device":[96,113],"subgroups":[97],"through":[98],"deployment":[100],"blockchain":[102],"edge":[107],"while":[109],"overseeing":[110],"entire":[112],"hierarchical":[117],"structure.":[118],"A":[119],"redundant":[120],"selection":[121],"mechanism":[122,146],"based":[123],"hash":[125],"mapping":[126],"has":[127],"been":[128],"designed":[129],"guarantee":[131],"reliable":[132],"between":[134],"disparate":[135],"Concurrently,":[139],"incorporates":[142],"server":[144],"detection":[145],"for":[147],"behavior,":[149],"thereby":[150],"ensuring":[151],"blockchain.":[156],"results":[158],"experimental":[161],"analysis":[162],"demonstrate":[163],"exhibits":[167],"enhanced":[168],"tolerance.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
