{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407304321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3540118","title":"RIS-Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems With Low-Resolution ADCs: Uplink Performance Analysis and Optimization","display_name":"RIS-Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems With Low-Resolution ADCs: Uplink Performance Analysis and Optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407304321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3540118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3540118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3540118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048054978","display_name":"Youzhi Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-0967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147228","display_name":"Chengdu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04enz2k98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63354593","display_name":"Sichuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/043dxc061","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youzhi Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-0967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147228","https://openalex.org/I63354593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101706661","display_name":"Liu Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147228","display_name":"Chengdu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04enz2k98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63354593","display_name":"Sichuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/043dxc061","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4825-7534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147228","https://openalex.org/I63354593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009642362","display_name":"Sanshan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-8373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147228","display_name":"Chengdu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04enz2k98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63354593","display_name":"Sichuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/043dxc061","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanshan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-8373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147228","https://openalex.org/I63354593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026496540","display_name":"Songjie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3130-4747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songjie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3130-4747","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418808","display_name":"Li Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4076-4828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147228","display_name":"Chengdu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04enz2k98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63354593","display_name":"Sichuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/043dxc061","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4076-4828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147228","https://openalex.org/I63354593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Laboratory of Information Intelligent Processing and Communications, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068937428","display_name":"Sun Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-8484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63354593","display_name":"Sichuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/043dxc061","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-8484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067710600","display_name":"Zhongpei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-9937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongpei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-9937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090212300","display_name":"Ning Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3936-7526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3936-7526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70688342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"18249","last_page":"18265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.8179680109024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6997836232185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6334027051925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4953266680240631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.36403849720954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2871171832084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11696124076843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.10130777955055237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.8179680109024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6997836232185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6334027051925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4953266680240631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.36403849720954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2871171832084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11696124076843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.10130777955055237}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3540118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3540118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3258629008","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G359362470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025ZNSFSC0531","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","funder_display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5773720603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025ZNSFSC0499","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","funder_display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W615589970","https://openalex.org/W1967956032","https://openalex.org/W2064191652","https://openalex.org/W2788428941","https://openalex.org/W2962123958","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W3005072086","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3112337571","https://openalex.org/W3130099654","https://openalex.org/W3133817254","https://openalex.org/W3152961272","https://openalex.org/W3158059549","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3188358066","https://openalex.org/W3201618790","https://openalex.org/W3209298344","https://openalex.org/W4212913394","https://openalex.org/W4225385666","https://openalex.org/W4280558628","https://openalex.org/W4285246009","https://openalex.org/W4289535596","https://openalex.org/W4290714072","https://openalex.org/W4296915796","https://openalex.org/W4312718216","https://openalex.org/W4318953566","https://openalex.org/W4323065908","https://openalex.org/W4361802445","https://openalex.org/W4377079822","https://openalex.org/W4381733224","https://openalex.org/W4382317677","https://openalex.org/W4383428064","https://openalex.org/W4385413333","https://openalex.org/W4387092384","https://openalex.org/W4387623953","https://openalex.org/W4388895085","https://openalex.org/W4391677760","https://openalex.org/W4391892607","https://openalex.org/W4399339662","https://openalex.org/W4399601919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,34,53,62,67,71,79,86,90,105,122,126,139,160,171,184,187,193,196],"uplink":[4,91,123,172],"performance":[5],"of":[6,69,78,89,128,186,195],"reconfigurable":[7],"intelligent":[8],"surface":[9],"(RIS)-aided":[10],"cell-free":[11],"(CF)":[12],"massive":[13],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[14],"(mMIMO)":[15],"systems":[16],"over":[17],"spatially":[18],"correlated":[19],"Rayleigh":[20],"fading":[21],"channels.":[22,82],"We":[23,39],"consider":[24],"multiple":[25],"RISs":[26],"and":[27,109,115,131,145,170,191,204],"low-resolution":[28],"analog-to-digital":[29],"converters":[30],"(ADCs)":[31],"to":[32,157],"improve":[33],"system":[35],"energy":[36],"efficiency":[37,93],"(EE).":[38],"first":[40],"provide":[41],"an":[42,117,150],"aggregated":[43,81],"channel":[44,55],"estimation":[45],"technique":[46],"with":[47,66],"less":[48],"pilot":[49],"overhead.":[50],"By":[51],"exploiting":[52],"statistical":[54],"state":[56],"information":[57],"(CSI),":[58],"we":[59,84,113],"further":[60],"optimize":[61],"RISs\u2019":[63],"phase":[64,201],"shifts":[65],"goal":[68],"minimizing":[70],"total":[72,132],"normalized":[73],"mean":[74],"square":[75],"error":[76,99],"(NMSE)":[77],"estimated":[80],"Subsequently,":[83],"derive":[85],"closed-form":[87,106,188],"expression":[88,108,190],"spectral":[92],"(SE)":[94],"for":[95,177,200],"quantization-aware":[96],"minimum":[97],"mean-square":[98],"(MMSE)":[100],"combining.":[101],"Third,":[102],"based":[103],"on":[104],"SE":[107,189],"power":[110,130,173],"consumption":[111],"model,":[112],"formulate":[114],"solve":[116],"optimization":[118,152,198],"problem":[119],"that":[120],"maximizes":[121],"EE":[124,205],"under":[125],"constraints":[127],"transmit":[129],"ADC":[133],"quantization":[134],"bits.":[135],"Specifically,":[136],"by":[137],"leveraging":[138],"Dinkelbach":[140],"transform,":[141,144],"Lagrangian":[142],"dual":[143],"fractional":[146],"programming":[147],"(FP)":[148],"techniques,":[149],"alternating":[151],"(AO)-based":[153],"algorithm":[154],"is":[155],"proposed":[156,197],"jointly":[158],"obtain":[159],"bit":[161],"allocation":[162],"(BA)":[163],"scheme":[164],"among":[165],"all":[166,178],"access":[167],"points":[168],"(APs)":[169],"control":[174],"(PC)":[175],"strategy":[176],"users.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"numerical":[181],"results":[182],"validate":[183],"correctness":[185],"show":[192],"effectiveness":[194],"methods":[199],"shift":[202],"design":[203],"maximization.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}