{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407168560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3538939","title":"An Anti-Clutter Distance Measurement Method for IoT Linear Frequency Modulation Radar in Heavy Rainfall Environment","display_name":"An Anti-Clutter Distance Measurement Method for IoT Linear Frequency Modulation Radar in Heavy Rainfall Environment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407168560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3538939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3538939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3538939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074728748","display_name":"Lingzhi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3363-5067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingzhi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3363-5067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088100883","display_name":"Yi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-860X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-860X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100705291","display_name":"Weijie Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-8259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijie Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-8259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016395775","display_name":"Kuiyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-418X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuiyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and the College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-418X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and the College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086646247","display_name":"Qun Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7432-9607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7432-9607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360241","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9595-5640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9595-5640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7251,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9509983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"17906","last_page":"17919"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9340000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.7663508653640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6627112030982971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.6036441326141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5695741772651672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5691872239112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-horizon","display_name":"Radar horizon","score":0.5113925337791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4480840265750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.44138094782829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.437186062335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.42892006039619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-detection","display_name":"Radar detection","score":0.41423502564430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3733569383621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.33921921253204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33471518754959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.3027094602584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.24088218808174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12617027759552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11552459001541138}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.7663508653640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6627112030982971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.6036441326141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5695741772651672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5691872239112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131493965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279983","display_name":"Radar horizon","level":5,"score":0.5113925337791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4480840265750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.44138094782829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.437186062335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.42892006039619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989048297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930654","display_name":"Radar detection","level":3,"score":0.41423502564430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3733569383621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.33921921253204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33471518754959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.3027094602584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.24088218808174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12617027759552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11552459001541138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3538939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3538939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2040752532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4788271575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20220941","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597559206","https://openalex.org/W1981121910","https://openalex.org/W1992968767","https://openalex.org/W2048622003","https://openalex.org/W2083076031","https://openalex.org/W2097406598","https://openalex.org/W2129882688","https://openalex.org/W2549763156","https://openalex.org/W2609055298","https://openalex.org/W2928437110","https://openalex.org/W2973536923","https://openalex.org/W3157371163","https://openalex.org/W3195793804","https://openalex.org/W3209323104","https://openalex.org/W4205989062","https://openalex.org/W4210827313","https://openalex.org/W4226133076","https://openalex.org/W4236915991","https://openalex.org/W4294643344","https://openalex.org/W4312446748","https://openalex.org/W4312961865","https://openalex.org/W4321607978","https://openalex.org/W4360820236","https://openalex.org/W4362588181","https://openalex.org/W4365807805","https://openalex.org/W4375797196","https://openalex.org/W4386902764","https://openalex.org/W4396877693","https://openalex.org/W4398202273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W597465370","https://openalex.org/W2387710128","https://openalex.org/W4296525607","https://openalex.org/W2355363298","https://openalex.org/W4387092333","https://openalex.org/W3006464427","https://openalex.org/W2612374028","https://openalex.org/W2569014399","https://openalex.org/W2008671705","https://openalex.org/W2807545795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Linear":[0],"frequency":[1],"modulation":[2],"(LFM)":[3],"radar":[4,58,216,232],"which":[5],"can":[6,128,209,237],"measure":[7],"distance":[8,180],"of":[9,22,24,30,50,56,67,71,74,157,214,230],"target":[10,59,106,242],"is":[11,63,121,143,188],"the":[12,20,47,118,124,155,206,211,245],"key":[13],"sensor":[14],"in":[15,19,32,40,60,82,89,149,159,163,170,185,201,217,221,233],"autonomous":[16],"driving":[17],"system":[18],"context":[21],"Internet":[23],"Things":[25],"(IoT).":[26],"However,":[27],"huge":[28],"amount":[29],"raindrops":[31],"rainfall":[33,61,119,164,174,186,218],"environment":[34,62,172,175,187,235],"would":[35],"reflect":[36],"signal":[37,54,113],"and":[38,77,84,96,101,111,173,236],"result":[39],"negative":[41],"influence.":[42],"In":[43],"order":[44],"to":[45,104,132,145,239],"improve":[46],"detection":[48],"ability":[49],"LFM":[51,57,68,215,231],"radar,":[52,69],"echo":[53,107],"model":[55],"established.":[64],"Working":[65],"principle":[66],"characteristics":[70],"raindrops,":[72],"influence":[73,226],"rain":[75,109,147],"clutter,":[76,110],"comparison":[78],"with":[79,114],"measured":[80],"data":[81],"time-domain":[83],"frequency-domain":[85,99],"distribution":[86],"are":[87,94,176],"given":[88],"sequence.":[90],"Second,":[91],"three":[92],"features":[93],"defined":[95],"extracted":[97],"from":[98],"spectrum":[100,103],"singular-domain":[102],"recognize":[105],"signal,":[108],"mixed":[112,150],"high":[115,212],"precision.":[116],"When":[117],"rate":[120],"3.33":[122],"mm/h,":[123],"overall":[125],"recognition":[126],"accuracy":[127,162],"still":[129,189],"be":[130],"up":[131],"95.15%.":[133],"Third,":[134],"an":[135],"adaptive":[136],"ensemble":[137],"empirical":[138],"mode":[139],"decomposition":[140],"(EEMD)":[141],"algorithm":[142],"proposed":[144,183,207],"suppress":[146],"clutter":[148],"signal.":[151],"Simulation":[152],"results":[153],"prove":[154],"effectiveness":[156],"EEMD":[158],"improving":[160,228],"ranging":[161],"environment.":[165,219],"At":[166],"last,":[167],"outfield":[168],"experiments":[169],"normal":[171,202],"conducted,":[177],"respectively.":[178],"Measured":[179],"obtained":[181,194],"by":[182,195],"method":[184,200,208],"more":[190,240],"accurate":[191],"than":[192],"that":[193,205],"traditional":[196],"fast":[197],"Fourier":[198],"transform":[199],"environment,":[203],"illustrating":[204],"ensure":[210],"performance":[213],"Research":[220],"this":[222],"article":[223],"has":[224],"positive":[225],"on":[227],"reliability":[229],"inclement":[234],"contribute":[238],"stable":[241],"information":[243],"for":[244],"whole":[246],"in-vehicle":[247],"IoT.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
