{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406983057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3536879","title":"Energy Optimization of Multitask DNN Inference in MEC-Assisted XR Devices: A Lyapunov-Guided Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Energy Optimization of Multitask DNN Inference in MEC-Assisted XR Devices: A Lyapunov-Guided Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406983057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3536879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3536879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3536879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012106928","display_name":"Yanzan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-1760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-1760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003138485","display_name":"Jianfeng Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8049-3743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035154394","display_name":"Guangjin Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-2613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangjin Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-2613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084521046","display_name":"Shugong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-6269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shugong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-6269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019052479","display_name":"Shunqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-9235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-9235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447912","display_name":"Xiaoyun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3574-9746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3574-9746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026479275","display_name":"Shuangfeng Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7221-9739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangfeng Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7221-9739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2112,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91186147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"17499","last_page":"17513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9542999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9542999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8147732019424438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8109467625617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6053140759468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.569501519203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-optimization","display_name":"Lyapunov optimization","score":0.4448883533477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.42797982692718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-minimization","display_name":"Energy minimization","score":0.41612708568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4151764512062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-equation","display_name":"Lyapunov equation","score":0.16762477159500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-exponent","display_name":"Lyapunov exponent","score":0.1121760904788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07739084959030151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8147732019424438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8109467625617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6053140759468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.569501519203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101403955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6707083","display_name":"Lyapunov optimization","level":5,"score":0.4448883533477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42797982692718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14961307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377176","display_name":"Energy minimization","level":2,"score":0.41612708568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4151764512062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25854792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028945","display_name":"Lyapunov equation","level":4,"score":0.16762477159500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191544260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238630","display_name":"Lyapunov exponent","level":3,"score":0.1121760904788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07739084959030151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3536879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3536879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1854747858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2902005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2792895487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2902002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3361793765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2902304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6650064338","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u975e\u5e73\u7a33\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u6548\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2609618253","https://openalex.org/W2778535155","https://openalex.org/W2896180420","https://openalex.org/W2914261331","https://openalex.org/W2962934715","https://openalex.org/W2980856918","https://openalex.org/W2981114133","https://openalex.org/W3011091971","https://openalex.org/W3011134162","https://openalex.org/W3013810395","https://openalex.org/W3041971333","https://openalex.org/W3049282540","https://openalex.org/W3168768468","https://openalex.org/W3198373418","https://openalex.org/W3200083976","https://openalex.org/W3212941463","https://openalex.org/W4211067533","https://openalex.org/W4226200846","https://openalex.org/W4285234632","https://openalex.org/W4294068699","https://openalex.org/W4295934714","https://openalex.org/W4308089481","https://openalex.org/W4312275811","https://openalex.org/W4312617592","https://openalex.org/W4312854700","https://openalex.org/W4312900329","https://openalex.org/W4313000323","https://openalex.org/W4315631133","https://openalex.org/W4321488025","https://openalex.org/W4365129152","https://openalex.org/W4376607343","https://openalex.org/W4385194732","https://openalex.org/W4386766865","https://openalex.org/W4387917799","https://openalex.org/W4387933382","https://openalex.org/W4389544459","https://openalex.org/W4392450191","https://openalex.org/W4392739043","https://openalex.org/W4393033094","https://openalex.org/W4400410865","https://openalex.org/W4401567497","https://openalex.org/W4404238296","https://openalex.org/W6637373629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W4391331176","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W2964765435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extended":[0],"reality":[1],"(XR),":[2],"blending":[3],"virtual":[4],"and":[5,26,53,67,84,109,113],"real":[6],"worlds,":[7],"is":[8],"a":[9,38,75,89,123],"key":[10],"application":[11],"of":[12,50,70,102],"future":[13],"networks.":[14],"While":[15],"AI":[16],"advancements":[17],"enhance":[18],"XR":[19,31,71,103],"capabilities,":[20],"they":[21],"also":[22],"impose":[23],"significant":[24],"computational":[25,112,149],"energy":[27,65,100,156],"challenges":[28,60],"on":[29],"lightweight":[30],"devices.":[32],"In":[33,56],"this":[34,119],"article,":[35],"we":[36,73,121,134],"developed":[37],"distributed":[39],"queue":[40,54,107],"model":[41,82],"for":[42,81],"multitask":[43],"deep":[44],"neural":[45],"network":[46],"inference,":[47],"addressing":[48],"issues":[49],"resource":[51,85,115],"competition":[52],"coupling.":[55],"response":[57],"to":[58,96,111,158],"the":[59,63,98,141,151,159],"posed":[61],"by":[62],"high":[64],"consumption":[66,101],"limited":[68],"resources":[69],"devices,":[72],"designed":[74],"dual":[76],"time-scale":[77],"joint":[78],"optimization":[79,91,127],"strategy":[80,94],"partitioning":[83],"allocation,":[86],"formulated":[87],"as":[88],"bi-level":[90],"problem.":[92],"This":[93],"aims":[95],"minimize":[97],"total":[99],"devices":[104],"while":[105],"ensuring":[106],"stability":[108],"adhering":[110],"communication":[114],"constraints.":[116],"To":[117],"tackle":[118],"problem,":[120],"devised":[122],"Lyapunov-guided":[124],"proximal":[125],"policy":[126],"algorithm,":[128],"named":[129],"LyaPPO.":[130],"Through":[131],"numerical":[132],"results,":[133],"show":[135],"that":[136],"our":[137],"LyaPPO":[138],"algorithm":[139,153],"outperforms":[140],"baseline":[142],"algorithms.":[143],"Specifically,":[144],"under":[145],"different":[146],"maximum":[147],"local":[148],"capacities,":[150],"proposed":[152],"decreases":[154],"24.29%\u201356.62%":[155],"compared":[157],"suboptimal":[160],"baselines.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}