{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406890547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3536200","title":"A Novel Sleep Modulation and Quality Classification Strategy-Based EEG Signals and Multiscale Attention Deep Learning","display_name":"A Novel Sleep Modulation and Quality Classification Strategy-Based EEG Signals and Multiscale Attention Deep Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406890547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3536200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3536200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3536200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000783483","display_name":"Yajun Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2597-658X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajun Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2597-658X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070911877","display_name":"Lu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6240-6688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020245547","display_name":"Fanlei Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanlei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120798181","display_name":"Fanyao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4351-0222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanyao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115695081","display_name":"Xuejing Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646157","display_name":"Weitao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7855-428X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101658636","display_name":"Zhiyu Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5306-2879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyu Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5306-2879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72581065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"17377","last_page":"17386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9397000074386597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9397000074386597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7769020795822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6232485771179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5663802027702332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.48447656631469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4742664098739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.46157559752464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4114089906215668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4064597487449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3911815285682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37324512004852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.10764870047569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09108737111091614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7769020795822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6232485771179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5663802027702332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.48447656631469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4742664098739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.46157559752464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4114089906215668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4064597487449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3911815285682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37324512004852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10764870047569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09108737111091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3536200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3536200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3734283955","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NJ2024029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5306725553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NJ2024016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6422861233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81827803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7149402297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NP2024102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8133240694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12372306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967286340","https://openalex.org/W2014502281","https://openalex.org/W2050951274","https://openalex.org/W2125118901","https://openalex.org/W2149407814","https://openalex.org/W2272038747","https://openalex.org/W2409193404","https://openalex.org/W2611695796","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2802163791","https://openalex.org/W2803304487","https://openalex.org/W2810359144","https://openalex.org/W2904772173","https://openalex.org/W2913740111","https://openalex.org/W2934386891","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W3022545790","https://openalex.org/W3027883268","https://openalex.org/W3049362359","https://openalex.org/W3153961130","https://openalex.org/W3158818505","https://openalex.org/W3206812283","https://openalex.org/W4206041750","https://openalex.org/W4210299546","https://openalex.org/W4210677635","https://openalex.org/W4211029782","https://openalex.org/W4211181011","https://openalex.org/W4220735996","https://openalex.org/W4220926042","https://openalex.org/W4220947883","https://openalex.org/W4286542909","https://openalex.org/W4296482241","https://openalex.org/W4296558722","https://openalex.org/W4309095353","https://openalex.org/W4312452284","https://openalex.org/W4316021488","https://openalex.org/W4322183390","https://openalex.org/W4367320063","https://openalex.org/W4385453128","https://openalex.org/W4385819716","https://openalex.org/W4386736900","https://openalex.org/W4387546367","https://openalex.org/W4390481217","https://openalex.org/W4391164256","https://openalex.org/W4391773105","https://openalex.org/W4391986158","https://openalex.org/W4392450380","https://openalex.org/W4392747913","https://openalex.org/W4396214380","https://openalex.org/W4401070020","https://openalex.org/W4401567525","https://openalex.org/W4401726104","https://openalex.org/W6631190155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W2057366091","https://openalex.org/W4312960290","https://openalex.org/W2049513647","https://openalex.org/W2988848585","https://openalex.org/W4233722919","https://openalex.org/W4375867731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sleep":[0],"disorders":[1],"have":[2],"become":[3],"the":[4,26,121,125,130,140,151,163,201],"second":[5],"most":[6],"prevalent":[7],"mental":[8],"health":[9],"condition":[10],"globally,":[11],"posing":[12],"a":[13,39,83,100],"significant":[14],"challenge":[15],"to":[16,32,71],"public":[17],"health.":[18],"Consequently,":[19],"there":[20],"is":[21,50,56,91,134],"an":[22,73,105,172,212],"imperative":[23],"need":[24],"for":[25,93,215],"development":[27],"of":[28,62,76,99,124,153,175,184,189,203],"effective,":[29],"nonpharmacological":[30],"interventions":[31],"enhance":[33],"sleep":[34,41,77,94,131,155,159,206,217,222],"quality.":[35],"In":[36,69,161],"this":[37],"study,":[38],"novel":[40],"modulation":[42,207,223],"technique":[43],"utilizing":[44],"transcutaneous":[45],"electrical":[46],"nerve":[47],"stimulation":[48,54,142],"(TENS)":[49],"introduced.":[51],"A":[52],"specialized":[53],"mode":[55],"designed":[57],"by":[58],"integrating":[59],"sine":[60],"waves":[61],"varying":[63],"frequencies,":[64],"including":[65],"spindle":[66],"waveform":[67],"components.":[68],"addition,":[70,162],"facilitate":[72],"accurate":[74],"evaluation":[75,196],"quality":[78,95,132,218],"and":[79,114,145,156,186,219],"enable":[80],"individualized":[81],"interventions,":[82],"multiscale":[84],"attention-based":[85],"deep":[86,122,154],"learning":[87],"(DL)":[88],"model":[89],"(MSA-Net)":[90],"proposed":[92,141],"classification.":[96],"It":[97],"consists":[98],"two-branch":[101],"convolution":[102],"block":[103],"(TBC-block),":[104],"adaptive":[106],"feature":[107],"recalibration":[108],"(AFR)":[109],"module,":[110],"three":[111,115],"dense":[112],"blocks,":[113],"attention":[116],"transition":[117],"blocks.":[118],"By":[119],"extracting":[120],"features":[123],"electroencephalography":[126],"(EEG)":[127],"raw":[128],"data,":[129],"classification":[133],"realized.":[135],"Experimental":[136],"results":[137,199],"indicate":[138],"that":[139],"effectively":[143],"enhances":[144],"stabilizes":[146],"slow-wave":[147],"activity,":[148],"significantly":[149],"extending":[150],"duration":[152],"enhancing":[157,216],"overall":[158,173],"stability.":[160],"MSA-Net":[164],"demonstrates":[165],"robust":[166],"performance,":[167],"achieving":[168],"exceptional":[169],"performance":[170],"with":[171,208],"accuracy":[174],"0.881,":[176],"<inline-formula":[177],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[178],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[179],"<tex-math":[180],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$F_{1}$":[181],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[182],"score":[183,188],"0.903,":[185],"Kappa":[187],"0.845,":[190],"outperforming":[191],"baseline":[192],"models":[193],"across":[194],"all":[195],"metrics.":[197],"These":[198],"demonstrate":[200],"potential":[202],"combining":[204],"TENS-based":[205],"DL":[209],"techniques,":[210],"offering":[211],"effective":[213],"framework":[214],"advancing":[220],"personalized":[221],"strategies.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}