{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406321273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3528746","title":"BAAP-FIoT: Blockchain-Assisted Authentication Protocol for Fog-Enabled Internet of Things Environment","display_name":"BAAP-FIoT: Blockchain-Assisted Authentication Protocol for Fog-Enabled Internet of Things Environment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406321273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3528746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3528746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3528746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055236976","display_name":"Raveendra Babu Ponnuru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185641255","display_name":"Virginia Military Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ngnm118","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185641255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raveendra Babu Ponnuru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Virginia Military Institute and Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Virginia Military Institute and Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185641255","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101957775","display_name":"Sathish Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-2211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102607778","display_name":"Cleveland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/002tx1f22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102607778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sathish A.P. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-2211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102607778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060581248","display_name":"Mohamed Azab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9386-4726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185641255","display_name":"Virginia Military Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ngnm118","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185641255"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Azab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Sciences, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA, USA","Department of Computer Science and Information Sciences, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA-, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9386-4726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Sciences, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185641255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Sciences, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA-, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185641255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002960482","display_name":"Alavalapati Goutham Reddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4335-8331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79884896","display_name":"University of Illinois at Springfield","ror":"https://ror.org/0126qma51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79884896"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goutham Reddy Alavalapati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Springfield, One University Plaza, Springfield, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4335-8331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Springfield, One University Plaza, Springfield, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79884896"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.0576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9949751,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"15681","last_page":"15696"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9362108111381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7502224445343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6071175932884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.57923424243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5444657802581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.5249683260917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4799521267414093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4765109121799469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.46000057458877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2208433747291565}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9362108111381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7502224445343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6071175932884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.57923424243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5444657802581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.5249683260917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4799521267414093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4765109121799469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46000057458877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2208433747291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3528746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3528746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu:encs_facpub-1007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/encs_facpub/8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400889","display_name":"EngagedScholarship @ Cleveland State University (Cleveland State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102607778","host_organization_name":"Cleveland State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102607778"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5761231273","display_name":"MRI: Acquisition of a GPU-based High Performance Computing Instrumentation for Smart City Research at Cleveland State University","funder_award_id":"2215388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G944220492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0024686","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561441787","https://openalex.org/W1603878273","https://openalex.org/W1837982953","https://openalex.org/W1969035815","https://openalex.org/W2007287631","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2116683577","https://openalex.org/W2150187928","https://openalex.org/W2160964355","https://openalex.org/W2562086057","https://openalex.org/W2619568410","https://openalex.org/W2753968620","https://openalex.org/W2766472919","https://openalex.org/W2790895699","https://openalex.org/W2800426337","https://openalex.org/W2883088980","https://openalex.org/W2963874768","https://openalex.org/W2990127528","https://openalex.org/W3005206852","https://openalex.org/W3021638025","https://openalex.org/W3034959106","https://openalex.org/W3139926532","https://openalex.org/W3196263195","https://openalex.org/W3204399565","https://openalex.org/W3204615586","https://openalex.org/W4211263987","https://openalex.org/W4212893470","https://openalex.org/W4214710720","https://openalex.org/W4285199751","https://openalex.org/W4285294175","https://openalex.org/W4313461186","https://openalex.org/W4319320559","https://openalex.org/W4382366119","https://openalex.org/W4385062437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034419863","https://openalex.org/W2296396257","https://openalex.org/W3007106793","https://openalex.org/W2132505069","https://openalex.org/W2054202867","https://openalex.org/W1965515427","https://openalex.org/W2116285675","https://openalex.org/W2109882692","https://openalex.org/W2547137208","https://openalex.org/W2061637199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,109],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,4,15,61,166],"Internet":[3],"Things":[5],"(IoT)":[6],"devices":[7,41,83],"across":[8],"multiple":[9],"domains":[10],"has":[11],"heralded":[12],"an":[13],"era":[14],"unprecedented":[16],"connectivity":[17],"and":[18,30,36,57,68,72,78,122,130,142,168],"data":[19,28,70],"exchange.":[20],"Fog":[21],"computing":[22],"enhances":[23],"edge-network":[24],"processing,":[25],"enabling":[26],"real-time":[27],"analysis":[29],"prompt":[31],"responses.":[32],"However,":[33],"ensuring":[34],"secure":[35,126],"trustworthy":[37],"communication":[38,51,127,167],"among":[39,52],"these":[40],"remains":[42],"a":[43,88],"paramount":[44,62],"concern.":[45],"In":[46],"fog-enabled":[47,95,177],"IoT":[48,54,82,96,107,131,178],"environments,":[49],"securing":[50],"users,":[53],"devices,":[55],"gateways,":[56],"fog":[58],"nodes":[59],"is":[60],"importance":[63],"to":[64,81,98,104,124],"prevent":[65],"unauthorized":[66],"access":[67],"ensure":[69],"integrity":[71],"confidentiality.":[73],"Additionally,":[74],"users":[75,129],"can":[76],"control":[77],"deliver":[79],"instructions":[80],"remotely.":[84],"Hence,":[85],"we":[86,134],"propose":[87],"blockchain-assisted":[89],"authentication":[90],"protocol":[91,111,158],"tailored":[92],"specifically":[93],"for":[94,175],"environments":[97],"verify":[99],"the":[100,106,136,153,156],"user\u2019s":[101],"identity":[102],"prior":[103],"accessing":[105],"devices.":[108,132],"proposed":[110,137,157],"leverages":[112],"cutting-edge":[113],"crypto":[114],"primitives":[115],"like":[116],"elliptic":[117],"curve":[118],"cryptography,":[119],"hash":[120],"functions,":[121],"blockchain":[123],"establish":[125],"between":[128],"Furthermore,":[133],"evaluate":[135],"scheme":[138],"through":[139],"formal":[140],"(Scyther)":[141],"informal":[143],"analysis,":[144],"demonstrating":[145],"its":[146],"efficacy":[147],"in":[148,164],"mitigating":[149],"well-known":[150],"attacks.":[151],"On":[152],"other":[154],"hand,":[155],"exhibits":[159],"robustness":[160],"against":[161],"relevant":[162],"protocols":[163],"terms":[165],"computational":[169],"aspects,":[170],"as":[171,173],"well":[172],"reliability":[174],"real-world":[176],"applications.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-19T15:00:24.278416","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
