{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406610475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3527441","title":"Generative-Adversarial-Network-Enhanced DRL for ISAC With Double Active RISs","display_name":"Generative-Adversarial-Network-Enhanced DRL for ISAC With Double Active RISs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406610475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3527441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3527441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3527441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101713017","display_name":"Jifa Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0488-6940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jifa Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0488-6940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029337392","display_name":"Min Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-5063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008383657","display_name":"Chengwen Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-3503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengwen Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-3503","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682735","display_name":"Junyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-6451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-6451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656619","display_name":"Nan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061744244","display_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1638,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93757164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"13487","last_page":"13499"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8193142414093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7279603481292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5337973833084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4308202564716339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34108594059944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8193142414093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7279603481292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5337973833084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4308202564716339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34108594059944153}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3527441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3527441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3075328589","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4718972896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769776241","https://openalex.org/W2972820227","https://openalex.org/W3010042009","https://openalex.org/W3023850691","https://openalex.org/W3093951152","https://openalex.org/W4221151058","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4226115187","https://openalex.org/W4312284141","https://openalex.org/W4312830363","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4320018439","https://openalex.org/W4323345732","https://openalex.org/W4362563595","https://openalex.org/W4387871193","https://openalex.org/W4390534227","https://openalex.org/W4390659130","https://openalex.org/W4390828922","https://openalex.org/W4391454495","https://openalex.org/W4391807589","https://openalex.org/W4392550549","https://openalex.org/W4393906028","https://openalex.org/W4394698864","https://openalex.org/W4396817538","https://openalex.org/W4399800455","https://openalex.org/W4401326773","https://openalex.org/W4401328890","https://openalex.org/W4401536832","https://openalex.org/W4401687402","https://openalex.org/W4402475161","https://openalex.org/W4402811138","https://openalex.org/W4403182219","https://openalex.org/W4406321517","https://openalex.org/W6861624893","https://openalex.org/W6873665230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"integrated":[0],"sensing":[1,83],"and":[2,13,104,115,135,155,168,192,202,218],"communication":[3],"(ISAC)":[4],"is":[5,96],"a":[6,15,91,130,138,170],"promising":[7],"paradigm":[8],"to":[9,34,41,63,73,99,147,151,173,210],"alleviate":[10],"spectrum":[11],"congestion":[12],"facilitate":[14],"variety":[16],"of":[17,20,80,93,101,112,198,214,221],"emerging":[18],"Internet":[19],"Things":[21],"(IoT)":[22],"applications.":[23],"However,":[24],"the":[25,29,35,42,49,70,74,78,81,109,126,153,159,165,175,181,184,189,196,212,219,222,226],"direct":[26],"links":[27,68],"from":[28,69],"ISAC":[30,71],"base":[31],"station":[32],"(BS)":[33],"users":[36],"may":[37],"be":[38],"blocked":[39],"due":[40],"obstacles.":[43],"In":[44,76],"this":[45,121],"article,":[46],"we":[47,157],"investigate":[48],"double-active":[50],"reconfigurable":[51],"intelligent":[52],"surfaces":[53],"(RISs)":[54],"assisted":[55],"ISAC,":[56],"where":[57],"two":[58],"active":[59,223],"RISs":[60],"are":[61,208],"used":[62],"establish":[64],"virtual":[65],"line-of-sight":[66],"(LoS)":[67],"BS":[72],"users.":[75],"addition,":[77],"sum":[79],"minimum":[82],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[84],"ratios":[85],"(SINRs)":[86],"among":[87],"multiple":[88],"targets":[89],"during":[90],"series":[92],"time":[94],"slots":[95],"maximized,":[97],"subject":[98],"Quality":[100],"Service":[102],"(QoS)":[103],"transmit":[105],"power":[106],"constraints,":[107],"through":[108],"joint":[110],"optimization":[111,123,177],"transmit,":[113],"reflection":[114],"receive":[116],"beamforming.":[117],"We":[118],"first":[119],"transform":[120],"nonconvex":[122],"problem":[124],"in":[125],"dynamic":[127],"environment":[128],"into":[129,164],"Markov":[131],"decision":[132],"process":[133],"(MDP),":[134],"then":[136],"propose":[137,169],"twin":[139],"delayed":[140],"deep":[141],"deterministic":[142],"policy":[143],"gradient":[144],"(TD3)-based":[145],"algorithm":[146,167,172,187],"solve":[148],"it.":[149],"Moreover,":[150],"enhance":[152],"generalization":[154],"stability,":[156],"integrate":[158],"generative":[160],"adversarial":[161],"network":[162],"(GAN)":[163],"TD3":[166],"GAN-TD3-based":[171,186],"handle":[174],"beamforming":[176],"problem.":[178],"Compared":[179],"with":[180],"TD3-based":[182],"algorithm,":[183],"proposed":[185,216],"achieves":[188],"better":[190],"performance":[191],"higher":[193,199],"stability":[194],"at":[195],"cost":[197],"computational":[200],"complexity":[201],"slower":[203],"convergence":[204],"speed.":[205],"Simulation":[206],"results":[207],"presented":[209],"verify":[211],"effectiveness":[213],"our":[215],"algorithms":[217],"superiority":[220],"RIS":[224],"over":[225],"passive":[227],"counterpart.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
