{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406094058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3526579","title":"Enhanced Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification Using Length-Robust Representation and Incremental Learning","display_name":"Enhanced Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification Using Length-Robust Representation and Incremental Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406094058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3526579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3526579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3526579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044868467","display_name":"Feng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1522-9943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100307459","display_name":"Hong Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4156-9981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4156-9981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101196390","display_name":"Ziqin Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqin Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036456471","display_name":"Xue Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-4081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-4081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100739881","display_name":"Qin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1142-1340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1142-1340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016704080","display_name":"Qi Xuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-470X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Xuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyberspace Security, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-470X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyberspace Security, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778980","display_name":"Yun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-1282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-1282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027367677","display_name":"Guan Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-2881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-2881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96536446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"14709","last_page":"14719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.8999999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7471321225166321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6043227314949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.5290607213973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5044969320297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5043059587478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49947643280029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4540286362171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45362865924835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1598920226097107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7471321225166321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6043227314949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.5290607213973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5044969320297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5043059587478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49947643280029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4540286362171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45362865924835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1598920226097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3526579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3526579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4894451427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5698140889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22KJA510002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8425202413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8994372146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1917532482","https://openalex.org/W2032871083","https://openalex.org/W2108139215","https://openalex.org/W2118249598","https://openalex.org/W2163078798","https://openalex.org/W2473930607","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2791256362","https://openalex.org/W2791659887","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2889741439","https://openalex.org/W2891054065","https://openalex.org/W2911471242","https://openalex.org/W2938144699","https://openalex.org/W2964656263","https://openalex.org/W2981392034","https://openalex.org/W2982410595","https://openalex.org/W2982791125","https://openalex.org/W2984025449","https://openalex.org/W3004340854","https://openalex.org/W3009816315","https://openalex.org/W3013639278","https://openalex.org/W3013935691","https://openalex.org/W3042612328","https://openalex.org/W3047279638","https://openalex.org/W3088383832","https://openalex.org/W3095910127","https://openalex.org/W3111389230","https://openalex.org/W3134215411","https://openalex.org/W3136322890","https://openalex.org/W3146023480","https://openalex.org/W3172553205","https://openalex.org/W3179847226","https://openalex.org/W3180392831","https://openalex.org/W3180641418","https://openalex.org/W3181667991","https://openalex.org/W3185153723","https://openalex.org/W3188554269","https://openalex.org/W3188672418","https://openalex.org/W4200555030","https://openalex.org/W4205273399","https://openalex.org/W4220877892","https://openalex.org/W4312309344","https://openalex.org/W4312693871","https://openalex.org/W4317419387","https://openalex.org/W4319986822","https://openalex.org/W4320002904","https://openalex.org/W4320712861","https://openalex.org/W4365420380","https://openalex.org/W4365420816","https://openalex.org/W4385221955","https://openalex.org/W4386495285","https://openalex.org/W4396506270","https://openalex.org/W4402892249","https://openalex.org/W4403123426","https://openalex.org/W4403510309","https://openalex.org/W6796565410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014822659","https://openalex.org/W2117826006","https://openalex.org/W1621827506","https://openalex.org/W4362496757","https://openalex.org/W2051501574","https://openalex.org/W2124627279","https://openalex.org/W2050967184","https://openalex.org/W2566091814","https://openalex.org/W2114937328","https://openalex.org/W2148654711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radio":[0],"Frequency":[1],"Fingerprinting":[2],"Identification":[3],"(RFFI)":[4],"leverages":[5],"signal":[6,27,44,78],"processing":[7],"to":[8,41,67,108],"extract":[9],"unique":[10],"characteristics":[11],"from":[12],"wireless":[13],"signals":[14,64],"for":[15,48],"device":[16],"identification.":[17],"In":[18],"recent":[19],"years,":[20],"deep":[21],"learning":[22,119],"(DL)":[23],"has":[24],"significantly":[25],"advanced":[26],"identification,":[28],"catalyzing":[29],"progress":[30],"in":[31],"RFFI":[32,39,91,121],"research.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"proposes":[36],"an":[37,117],"enhanced":[38],"method":[40,122],"manage":[42],"variable-length":[43,77],"inputs,":[45],"typically":[46],"problematic":[47],"neural":[49,54],"networks":[50,55],"such":[51],"as":[52,65],"convolutional":[53],"(CNNs)":[56],"and":[57,106,128,131],"multilayer":[58],"perceptrons":[59],"(MLPs),":[60],"by":[61,115],"treating":[62],"these":[63,113],"images":[66],"solve":[68],"data":[69,146],"formatting":[70],"problems.":[71],"The":[72],"robust":[73],"representation":[74],"of":[75,97],"the":[76,85,98,139],"ultimately":[79],"achieves":[80],"over":[81],"90%":[82],"accuracy,":[83],"meeting":[84],"expected":[86],"results.":[87],"Furthermore,":[88],"conventional":[89],"DL-based":[90],"methods":[92],"require":[93],"a":[94],"comprehensive":[95],"analysis":[96],"entire":[99],"RF":[100],"signal,":[101],"consuming":[102],"significant":[103],"computational":[104],"resources":[105],"vulnerable":[107],"environmental":[109],"variations.":[110],"We":[111],"address":[112],"issues":[114],"proposing":[116],"incremental":[118],"(IL)-based":[120],"that":[123],"allows":[124],"dynamic":[125],"model":[126],"updates":[127],"improves":[129],"recognition":[130],"generalization":[132],"performance.":[133],"Our":[134],"method\u2019s":[135],"efficacy,":[136],"tested":[137],"on":[138],"power":[140],"amplifiers":[141],"(PA)":[142],"dataset,":[143],"enables":[144],"real-time":[145],"stream":[147],"processing.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}