{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405718192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3522003","title":"A Fair and Trustworthy Hierarchical Federated Learning Scheme for Digital Twins in the Internet of Vehicles","display_name":"A Fair and Trustworthy Hierarchical Federated Learning Scheme for Digital Twins in the Internet of Vehicles","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405718192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3522003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3522003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3522003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101875715","display_name":"Q H Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-3299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qi Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-3299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089827558","display_name":"Yang Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-3950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-3950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003116103","display_name":"Bin Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3725-1394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085783729","display_name":"Xinze Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9546-0574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinze Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9546-0574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101875715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88199755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"13","first_page":"22709","last_page":"22724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9753999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9753999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9484000205993652,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7953968644142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.6907249093055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6851694583892822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6527848243713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4853707551956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.45929092168807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.42971470952033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.36415284872055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3434032201766968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7953968644142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.6907249093055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6851694583892822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6527848243713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4853707551956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.45929092168807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42971470952033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.36415284872055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3434032201766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3522003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3522003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2346365475","https://openalex.org/W2910597635","https://openalex.org/W2967880504","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W3006403513","https://openalex.org/W3034321207","https://openalex.org/W3045638580","https://openalex.org/W3109695251","https://openalex.org/W3116402990","https://openalex.org/W3127049675","https://openalex.org/W3129115847","https://openalex.org/W3130806609","https://openalex.org/W3135472452","https://openalex.org/W3160877984","https://openalex.org/W3163246710","https://openalex.org/W3172555720","https://openalex.org/W3182158470","https://openalex.org/W3211285385","https://openalex.org/W4200243022","https://openalex.org/W4206298942","https://openalex.org/W4214573696","https://openalex.org/W4214882335","https://openalex.org/W4288758078","https://openalex.org/W4312722905","https://openalex.org/W4312732381","https://openalex.org/W4312831189","https://openalex.org/W4319663761","https://openalex.org/W4381894846","https://openalex.org/W4386066601","https://openalex.org/W4386280834","https://openalex.org/W4387353472","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6743688258","https://openalex.org/W6743821447","https://openalex.org/W6748786018","https://openalex.org/W6759238902","https://openalex.org/W6773817997","https://openalex.org/W6779821316","https://openalex.org/W6781318954","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6790595243","https://openalex.org/W6791444617","https://openalex.org/W6800358597","https://openalex.org/W6803116340"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076536433","https://openalex.org/W90316445","https://openalex.org/W4327743613","https://openalex.org/W2965447900","https://openalex.org/W3199750033","https://openalex.org/W4391815708","https://openalex.org/W2374509987","https://openalex.org/W3163373470","https://openalex.org/W3005856188","https://openalex.org/W1898221464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"twins":[1],"(DTs)":[2],"support":[3],"real":[4],"time":[5],"analysis":[6],"and":[7,50,96,128,164,173,183,191,245,257],"provide":[8,40],"a":[9,23,57,147,180,184,216],"reliable":[10],"simulation":[11],"platform":[12],"for":[13,60,152],"the":[14,45,66,73,76,83,98,101,159,165,189,237],"Internet":[15],"of":[16,26,47,65,75,86,100,161,167,242],"Vehicles":[17],"(IoV).":[18],"DT":[19,61,154],"modeling":[20,155],"relies":[21],"on":[22,29],"large":[24],"amount":[25],"data,":[27,177],"based":[28],"their":[30],"own":[31],"safety":[32,130],"considerations,":[33],"most":[34],"clients":[35,105,122,134,253],"are":[36],"not":[37,124,234],"willing":[38],"to":[39,44,93,202,254],"relevant":[41],"data.":[42],"Due":[43],"characteristics":[46],"distributed":[48],"collaboration":[49],"privacy":[51],"protection,":[52],"federated":[53],"learning":[54],"(FL)":[55],"is":[56,82,123],"promising":[58],"technique":[59],"modeling.":[62],"The":[63,226],"combination":[64],"above":[67],"two":[68],"technologies":[69],"can":[70,221],"greatly":[71],"accelerate":[72],"development":[74],"IoV.":[77],"However,":[78],"an":[79,199],"important":[80],"challenge":[81],"unbalanced":[84],"distribution":[85,175],"local":[87],"data":[88,185],"across":[89],"clients,":[90,213],"which":[91],"leads":[92],"client":[94],"drift":[95],"affects":[97],"performance":[99,162],"global":[102],"model.":[103],"Malicious":[104],"uploading":[106],"false":[107],"parameters":[108],"or":[109],"low-quality":[110],"models":[111,169],"will":[112],"also":[113,249],"cause":[114],"unsatisfactory":[115],"model":[116,219,243],"accuracy.":[117],"In":[118,195],"addition,":[119,196],"trust":[120,211],"between":[121,212],"established":[125],"in":[126,142,240],"advance,":[127],"hidden":[129],"issues":[131],"arise":[132],"when":[133],"perform":[135,255],"cooperative":[136],"training":[137],"with":[138],"each":[139],"other.":[140],"Therefore,":[141],"this":[143],"article,":[144],"we":[145,178,197,214],"propose":[146],"hierarchical":[148],"FL":[149,168],"(HFL)":[150],"scheme":[151,233],"performing":[153],"tasks.":[156],"To":[157,209],"solve":[158],"problems":[160],"degradation":[163],"divergence":[166],"caused":[170],"by":[171],"nonindependent":[172],"identical":[174],"(Non-IID)":[176],"design":[179,198],"regularization":[181],"algorithm":[182,187],"enhancement":[186],"from":[188,206],"client-side":[190],"edge":[192],"server-side,":[193],"respectively.":[194],"auditing":[200],"method":[201],"defend":[203],"against":[204],"attacks":[205],"malicious":[207,252],"clients.":[208],"build":[210],"present":[215],"reputation":[217,259],"management":[218],"that":[220,230],"effectively":[222],"prevent":[223],"swing":[224],"attacks.":[225],"numerical":[227],"results":[228],"show":[229],"our":[231],"proposed":[232],"only":[235],"outperforms":[236],"baseline":[238],"methods":[239],"terms":[241],"accuracy":[244],"attack":[246],"resistance,":[247],"but":[248],"filters":[250],"out":[251],"fair":[256],"efficient":[258],"computations.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}