{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406457730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3521609","title":"CLDP=FATD: Secure Federated Averaging Threat Detection Framework for Intelligent Vehicle Sensor Networks Based on Client-Level Differential Privacy","display_name":"CLDP=FATD: Secure Federated Averaging Threat Detection Framework for Intelligent Vehicle Sensor Networks Based on Client-Level Differential Privacy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406457730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3521609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3521609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3521609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028047132","display_name":"Goodness Oluchi Anyanwu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0304-4143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goodness Oluchi Anyanwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0304-4143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102945288","display_name":"Hadis Karimipour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-4033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadis Karimipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-4033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91117741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"7","first_page":"7693","last_page":"7707"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9447000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9447000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.9337000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9103000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"Differential privacy","score":0.8752946257591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8436547517776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6023085117340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"Privacy protection","score":0.5095992088317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.4657737910747528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4602031409740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.419981986284256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4198061227798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18184730410575867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.8752946257591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8436547517776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6023085117340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.5095992088317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.4657737910747528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4602031409740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.419981986284256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4198061227798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18184730410575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3521609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3521609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985511977","https://openalex.org/W2594311007","https://openalex.org/W2989230094","https://openalex.org/W3016632787","https://openalex.org/W3036612116","https://openalex.org/W3135231128","https://openalex.org/W3139227553","https://openalex.org/W3158350046","https://openalex.org/W3181883774","https://openalex.org/W4206116305","https://openalex.org/W4210960727","https://openalex.org/W4221100464","https://openalex.org/W4226373814","https://openalex.org/W4285212650","https://openalex.org/W4285268685","https://openalex.org/W4285612379","https://openalex.org/W4287092816","https://openalex.org/W4292387498","https://openalex.org/W4293197722","https://openalex.org/W4301881803","https://openalex.org/W4312444675","https://openalex.org/W4323980169","https://openalex.org/W4324066858","https://openalex.org/W4362585793","https://openalex.org/W4367397315","https://openalex.org/W4376855321","https://openalex.org/W4379805095","https://openalex.org/W4386415974","https://openalex.org/W4387503881","https://openalex.org/W4388642370","https://openalex.org/W4389817132","https://openalex.org/W4391382837","https://openalex.org/W4393384876","https://openalex.org/W4394627330","https://openalex.org/W4394874608","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6746720608","https://openalex.org/W6762803017","https://openalex.org/W6781175393","https://openalex.org/W6801929890","https://openalex.org/W6846750733","https://openalex.org/W6861488411","https://openalex.org/W6866197963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3010781909","https://openalex.org/W4200233390","https://openalex.org/W4315705624","https://openalex.org/W3116386889","https://openalex.org/W4313218046","https://openalex.org/W2605443953","https://openalex.org/W2943138144","https://openalex.org/W1604340626","https://openalex.org/W4391095118","https://openalex.org/W3127289135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115,151,165],"certification":[1],"of":[2,32,58,68,153,189],"real-time":[3],"information":[4],"in":[5],"vehicles":[6,41],"depends":[7],"on":[8],"threat":[9,118],"detection.":[10],"Intelligent":[11],"vehicle":[12,60],"sensor":[13],"networks":[14],"(IVSNs)":[15],"have":[16],"revolutionized":[17],"modern":[18],"transportation":[19],"systems,":[20],"enhancing":[21],"traffic":[22],"management":[23],"and":[24,39,66,91,141,193,199],"providing":[25],"greater":[26],"comfort.":[27],"However,":[28],"the":[29,56,63,107,146,154,169],"increased":[30],"use":[31],"smart":[33],"sensing":[34],"technologies":[35],"has":[36],"made":[37],"connected":[38],"intelligent":[40],"(CIVs)":[42],"an":[43,98,132],"attractive":[44],"target":[45],"for":[46,176,197],"unauthorized":[47,99],"access.":[48],"Consequently,":[49],"CIV":[50],"owners":[51],"are":[52],"keen":[53],"to":[54,83,102,110,134,138],"ensure":[55],"security":[57],"their":[59,69],"information,":[61],"particularly":[62],"positioning,":[64],"timing,":[65],"navigation":[67],"vehicles.":[70],"This":[71],"article":[72],"proposes":[73],"a":[74,160,179],"federated":[75,147],"framework":[76,156],"that":[77,168],"utilizes":[78,122],"client-level":[79],"differential":[80],"privacy":[81,85,140,181],"(CLDP)":[82],"prevent":[84,142],"attacks,":[86,97],"such":[87],"as":[88,131],"model":[89],"inversion":[90],"membership":[92],"inference":[93],"attacks.":[94],"In":[95],"these":[96],"party":[100],"attempts":[101],"extract":[103],"sensitive":[104],"data":[105,143],"from":[106],"model\u2019s":[108],"outputs":[109],"exploit":[111],"its":[112],"predictive":[113],"capabilities.":[114],"CLDP-federated":[116],"averaging":[117],"detection":[119],"(CLDP-FATD)":[120],"approach":[121],"R\u00e9nyi-DP-Fed-Avg":[123],"(RDP)/<inline-formula":[124],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[125,184],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[126,185],"<tex-math":[127,186],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$(\\alpha,":[128],"\\epsilon)$":[129],"</tex-math></inline-formula>-DP,":[130],"alternative":[133],"traditional":[135],"DP":[136],"algorithms":[137],"safeguard":[139],"leakage":[144],"within":[145],"learning":[148],"(FL)":[149],"framework.":[150],"efficacy":[152],"proposed":[155,170],"was":[157],"evaluated":[158],"using":[159],"GPS":[161],"spoofing":[162],"attack":[163],"dataset.":[164],"findings":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"scheme":[171],"ensures":[172],"collaborative":[173],"privacy-utility":[174],"tradeoff":[175],"CIV,":[177],"achieving":[178],"minimal":[180],"budget":[182],"<inline-formula":[183],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$(\\epsilon)$":[187],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[188],"0.99":[190],"at":[191,195],"94.27%":[192],"2.0":[194],"88.42%":[196],"binary":[198],"multiclass,":[200],"respectively,":[201],"outperforming":[202],"existing":[203],"approaches.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-01-17T00:00:00"}