{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405521106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3519590","title":"16QAM-OFDM VLC System Based on Frequency Domain Precompensation and DNN Post-Equalization","display_name":"16QAM-OFDM VLC System Based on Frequency Domain Precompensation and DNN Post-Equalization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405521106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3519590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3519590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3519590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3405-0906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Optics and Photonics, Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3405-0906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007993757","display_name":"Aiying Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-4187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiying Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Optics and Photonics, Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-4187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075129009","display_name":"Hang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2887-6587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Optics and Photonics, Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062030136","display_name":"Shaoxi Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-6680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoxi Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Optics and Photonics, Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018402573","display_name":"Lihui Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-8998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihui Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Optics and Photonics, Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-8998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012060181","display_name":"Zhenrong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-6637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-6637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088548874","display_name":"Minglun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-6884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minglun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-6884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73105172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"12278","last_page":"12286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.8247125744819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7297729849815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.7182023525238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.7140529155731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.6914814710617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.560771107673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.5375086665153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45887982845306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersymbol-interference","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","score":0.4198344945907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.377055823802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.20061564445495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.1266486942768097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09920042753219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09674015641212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08933448791503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.072794109582901}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.8247125744819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7297729849815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.7182023525238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.7140529155731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6914814710617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.560771107673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.5375086665153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45887982845306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.4198344945907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.377055823802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.20061564445495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.1266486942768097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09920042753219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09674015641212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08933448791503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.072794109582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3519590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3519590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2217219297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021GXNSFDA076001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335965","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2494409994","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AA21077007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335965","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4532424999","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u878d\u5408\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u4e0e\u60ef\u6027\u5bfc\u822a\u7684\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5ba4\u5185\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6295141310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62075012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335965","display_name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996604493","https://openalex.org/W2053002981","https://openalex.org/W2069381140","https://openalex.org/W2132453830","https://openalex.org/W2317147446","https://openalex.org/W2475781058","https://openalex.org/W2498996324","https://openalex.org/W2781685379","https://openalex.org/W2893078023","https://openalex.org/W2897106987","https://openalex.org/W3008152946","https://openalex.org/W3035974859","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3195080983","https://openalex.org/W4221012205","https://openalex.org/W4283703767","https://openalex.org/W4285213716","https://openalex.org/W4292122100","https://openalex.org/W4297377241","https://openalex.org/W4306683377","https://openalex.org/W4307350161","https://openalex.org/W4312132511","https://openalex.org/W4312770154","https://openalex.org/W4312931887","https://openalex.org/W4315628297","https://openalex.org/W4363620567","https://openalex.org/W4390734116","https://openalex.org/W4392155081","https://openalex.org/W4401387055","https://openalex.org/W6755206553","https://openalex.org/W6759389270","https://openalex.org/W6774117536","https://openalex.org/W6810597925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982984712","https://openalex.org/W4389538542","https://openalex.org/W2391135340","https://openalex.org/W2127919250","https://openalex.org/W2080607100","https://openalex.org/W2109072943","https://openalex.org/W2013074940","https://openalex.org/W2047207224","https://openalex.org/W1542002492","https://openalex.org/W1990532762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visible":[0],"light":[1,8],"communication":[2],"(VLC)":[3],"technology":[4],"utilizes":[5],"LEDs":[6],"as":[7,14],"sources,":[9],"offering":[10],"several":[11],"benefits,":[12],"such":[13],"the":[15,81,87,96,100,139,146,152,156,161,167,173,215,220,257,262,274],"use":[16],"of":[17,89,141,164,176,248,264,269,279],"license-free":[18],"spectrum,":[19],"green,":[20],"and":[21,34,46,67,112,119,233,271],"safe.":[22],"However,":[23],"conventional":[24],"LED":[25],"devices":[26],"face":[27],"challenges":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30,43,85,160,187,198],"their":[31],"restricted":[32],"bandwidth":[33,175,184],"nonlinearity":[35],"under":[36,239],"different":[37],"current":[38],"levels.":[39],"These":[40],"issues":[41],"lead":[42],"signal":[44,207],"distortion":[45],"intersymbol":[47],"interference":[48],"(ISI),":[49],"which":[50],"are":[51],"particularly":[52],"problematic":[53],"in":[54,76,210,267],"high-order":[55],"modulation":[56],"schemes.":[57],"In":[58,166],"this":[59],"work,":[60],"we":[61,150],"propose":[62],"a":[63,77,129,169,211],"low-complexity":[64],"scheme":[65,216,254,259],"combining$S_{21}$precompensation":[66],"shallow":[68],"hidden":[69,193],"layer":[70,163,194],"deep":[71],"neural":[72],"networks":[73],"(DNNs)-based":[74],"post-equalization":[75,94],"VLC":[78,170,213,265],"system.":[79],"At":[80],"transmitter,$S_{21}$precompensation":[82],"is":[83,158,179,185,196,208,277],"used":[84,197],"suppress":[86],"influence":[88],"high-frequency":[90],"power":[91],"fading.":[92],"The":[93,191,250],"at":[95],"receiver":[97],"side":[98],"uses":[99],"least":[101],"square":[102],"(LS)-DNN":[103],"cascaded":[104],"equalization":[105,111],"algorithm,":[106],"where":[107],"LS":[108,120,231],"performs":[109,114],"linear":[110],"DNN":[113,134,195],"nonlinear":[115,200],"equalization.":[116,201],"Since":[117],"the$S_{21}$precompensation":[118],"algorithm":[121,232],"have":[122],"completed":[123],"partial":[124],"equalization,":[125],"it":[126],"can":[127,218,260],"provide":[128],"good":[130],"initial":[131],"state":[132],"for":[133],"training,":[135],"thus":[136],"speeding":[137],"up":[138],"convergence":[140],"DNN.":[142,165],"To":[143],"better":[144],"capture":[145],"dependency":[147],"between":[148],"symbols,":[149],"preprocess":[151],"dislocation":[153],"filling":[154],"before":[155],"data":[157],"sent":[159],"input":[162],"experiment,":[168],"system":[171,266],"with":[172,229,252],"3-dB":[174,183],"9":[177,237],"MHz":[178],"used.":[180],"With$S_{21}$precompensation,":[181],"its":[182],"expanded":[186],"about":[188],"43":[189],"MHz.":[190],"two":[192],"carry":[199],"If":[202],"an":[203],"80-Mb/s":[204],"16QAM":[205],"OFDM":[206],"transmitted":[209],"3-m":[212],"system,":[214],"proposed":[217,258],"expand":[219],"available":[221],"peak-to-peak":[222],"voltage$(V_{\\mathrm":[223],"{":[224],"pp}})$range":[225],"by":[226],"30%":[227],"compared":[228],"precompensation":[230],"achieve":[234],"transmission":[235],"over":[236],"m":[238],"7%":[240],"hard-decision":[241],"forward":[242],"error":[243],"correction":[244],"(HD-FEC)":[245],"BER":[246,270],"threshold":[247],"3.8e-3.":[249],"comparison":[251],"LSTM-DNN-based":[253],"shows":[255],"that":[256],"improve":[261],"performance":[263],"terms":[268],"EVM,":[272],"while":[273],"training":[275],"complexity":[276],"2-order":[278],"magnitude":[280],"lower.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
