{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404739556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3506552","title":"BTS: Bifold Teacher-Student in Semi-Supervised Learning for Indoor Two-Room Presence Detection Under Time-Varying CSI","display_name":"BTS: Bifold Teacher-Student in Semi-Supervised Learning for Indoor Two-Room Presence Detection Under Time-Varying CSI","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404739556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3506552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3506552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3506552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019371571","display_name":"Li-Hsiang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Hsiang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-5457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046698517","display_name":"An-Hung Hsiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5815-2205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An-Hung Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5815-2205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011750760","display_name":"Kai-Jui Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Jui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0886-4134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050683159","display_name":"Tsung-Ting Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Ting Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1259-6992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020169858","display_name":"Kai\u2010Ten Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-8449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Ten Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-8449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4992,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62274831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"7","first_page":"8789","last_page":"8806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9316999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9316999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9081000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7444239854812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.38600534200668335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7444239854812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.38600534200668335}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3506552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3506552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044846595","https://openalex.org/W2114043910","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2240192984","https://openalex.org/W2309512289","https://openalex.org/W2345276999","https://openalex.org/W2600069438","https://openalex.org/W2617995709","https://openalex.org/W2764026391","https://openalex.org/W2779640815","https://openalex.org/W2780385833","https://openalex.org/W2887389727","https://openalex.org/W2890052256","https://openalex.org/W2944172587","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2969645632","https://openalex.org/W2981109474","https://openalex.org/W2984128863","https://openalex.org/W2985302957","https://openalex.org/W2999209556","https://openalex.org/W3001790167","https://openalex.org/W3006581712","https://openalex.org/W3044745360","https://openalex.org/W3162459705","https://openalex.org/W3163049392","https://openalex.org/W3172194808","https://openalex.org/W3174760943","https://openalex.org/W3180562345","https://openalex.org/W3210083277","https://openalex.org/W3216376834","https://openalex.org/W4200135659","https://openalex.org/W4220896090","https://openalex.org/W4225579889","https://openalex.org/W4287322212","https://openalex.org/W4293057336","https://openalex.org/W4309694836","https://openalex.org/W4366966561","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386025784","https://openalex.org/W4388101574","https://openalex.org/W4390481160","https://openalex.org/W4390488663","https://openalex.org/W4392940098","https://openalex.org/W4393170634","https://openalex.org/W4396712711","https://openalex.org/W4399425657","https://openalex.org/W4400645278","https://openalex.org/W6638523607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,66],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"indoor":[3,78],"human":[4,79],"presence":[5,80],"detection":[6,81,183],"based":[7],"on":[8,26],"supervised":[9],"learning":[10,75],"(SL)":[11],"and":[12,98,103,115,131,170],"channel":[13],"state":[14],"information":[15,28],"(CSI)":[16],"has":[17],"attracted":[18],"much":[19],"attention.":[20],"However,":[21],"existing":[22,175],"studies":[23],"that":[24,140],"rely":[25],"spatial":[27,97],"of":[29,124,149,164,180,185,193],"CSI":[30,105],"are":[31],"susceptible":[32],"to":[33,55,118],"the":[34,108,134,141,154,167,181,190],"environmental":[35],"changes,":[36],"which":[37],"degrade":[38],"prediction":[39],"accuracy.":[40],"Moreover,":[41],"SL-based":[42,194],"methods":[43],"require":[44],"time-consuming":[45],"data":[46],"labeling":[47],"for":[48,77],"retraining":[49,153],"models.":[50],"Therefore,":[51],"it":[52],"is":[53],"imperative":[54],"design":[56],"a":[57,62,71,83],"continuously":[58],"monitored":[59],"model":[60,155],"using":[61],"semi-SL":[63],"(SSL)-based":[64],"scheme.":[65],"this":[67],"article,":[68],"we":[69],"conceive":[70],"bifold":[72],"teacher-student":[73,93],"(BTS)":[74],"approach":[76],"in":[82,178],"scenario":[84],"with":[85,156],"two":[86],"adjoining":[87],"rooms.":[88],"The":[89],"proposed":[90,142],"SSL-based":[91,176],"primal-dual":[92],"network":[94],"intelligently":[95],"learns":[96],"temporal":[99],"features":[100,123],"from":[101,133],"labeled":[102],"unlabeled":[104,157],"datasets.":[106],"Additionally,":[107],"enhanced":[109],"penalized":[110],"loss":[111],"function":[112],"leverages":[113],"entropy":[114],"distance":[116],"measures":[117],"distinguish":[119],"drifted":[120],"data,":[121],"i.e.,":[122],"new":[125],"datasets":[126],"affected":[127],"by":[128],"time-varying":[129],"effects":[130],"altered":[132],"original":[135],"distribution.":[136],"Experimental":[137],"results":[138],"demonstrate":[139],"BTS":[143,159,173],"system":[144],"accomplishes":[145],"an":[146,162],"averaged":[147],"accuracy":[148,163,184],"around":[150,186],"98%":[151,187],"after":[152],"data.":[158],"can":[160],"sustain":[161],"93%":[165],"under":[166],"changed":[168],"layout":[169],"environments.":[171],"Furthermore,":[172],"outperforms":[174],"models":[177],"terms":[179],"highest":[182],"while":[188],"achieving":[189],"asymptotic":[191],"performance":[192],"methods.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}