{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404238445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3495698","title":"Quantifying NB-IoT Performance in 5G Use-Cases With Mixture of Regular and Stochastic Traffic","display_name":"Quantifying NB-IoT Performance in 5G Use-Cases With Mixture of Regular and Stochastic Traffic","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404238445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3495698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3495698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3495698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3495698","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090301150","display_name":"Pavel Ma\u0161ek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2976-6547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pavel Masek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications and the Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","Dept. of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications and the Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088224958","display_name":"Dmitri Moltchanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-7187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitri Moltchanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","Tampere University, Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051855304","display_name":"Martin \u0160t\u016fsek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-1322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Stusek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications and the Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","Dept. of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications and the Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033634068","display_name":"Radek Mo\u017en\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-041X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radek Mozny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications and the Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","Dept. of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications and the Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015032841","display_name":"Yevgeni Koucheryavy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-297X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yevgeni Koucheryavy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","Tampere University, Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031786887","display_name":"Ji\u0159\u00ed Ho\u0161ek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-9185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiri Hosek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications and the Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","Dept. of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications and the Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090301150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6263,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69458476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"7332","last_page":"7347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7554221153259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.4370809495449066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.43048587441444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37339019775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.172041654586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.157756507396698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11048716306686401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7554221153259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.4370809495449066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.43048587441444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37339019775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.172041654586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.157756507396698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11048716306686401}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3495698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3495698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://dspace.vut.cz:11012/252160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11012/252160","pdf_url":"https://dspace.vut.cz/bitstreams/2b2c19d3-1dc2-496b-b84c-7e955829694e/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400317","display_name":"Brno University of Technology Digital Library (Brno University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","host_organization_name":"Brno University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.vut.cz:11012/252160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11012/252160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400317","display_name":"Brno University of Technology Digital Library (Brno University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","host_organization_name":"Brno University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/211787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/211787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3495698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3495698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5237521882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TN02000067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315323","funder_display_name":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8530327912","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Machine Learning Algorithms for Energy Efficient a","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315323","display_name":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","display_name":"Business Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgf9v38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967387941","https://openalex.org/W1996879523","https://openalex.org/W2023563854","https://openalex.org/W2033687940","https://openalex.org/W2045419264","https://openalex.org/W2116736083","https://openalex.org/W2155323982","https://openalex.org/W2160161980","https://openalex.org/W2163814902","https://openalex.org/W2330619054","https://openalex.org/W2498775860","https://openalex.org/W2602716155","https://openalex.org/W2604746236","https://openalex.org/W2758407124","https://openalex.org/W2787117458","https://openalex.org/W2801321109","https://openalex.org/W2900584518","https://openalex.org/W2913565212","https://openalex.org/W2919597410","https://openalex.org/W2932313271","https://openalex.org/W2941645331","https://openalex.org/W2949802569","https://openalex.org/W2989638962","https://openalex.org/W2991562306","https://openalex.org/W2998110655","https://openalex.org/W3008613483","https://openalex.org/W3048712059","https://openalex.org/W3080667742","https://openalex.org/W3086266285","https://openalex.org/W3094098766","https://openalex.org/W3192861164","https://openalex.org/W3202342236","https://openalex.org/W3203564128","https://openalex.org/W3206070148","https://openalex.org/W3210460001","https://openalex.org/W4282933080","https://openalex.org/W4282961891","https://openalex.org/W4302291044","https://openalex.org/W4323568195","https://openalex.org/W4387415076","https://openalex.org/W4388336807","https://openalex.org/W4389454708","https://openalex.org/W4402613691","https://openalex.org/W6774792493"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,148],"increasing":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3,104,124,180,212],"power":[4],"distribution":[5],"systems":[6],"in":[7,175],"terms":[8],"of":[9,20,31,46,70,150,171,189,205],"control":[10],"with":[11,67],"nearly":[12],"immediate":[13],"response":[14],"requires":[15],"deploying":[16],"a":[17,43,56,79,94,118,156,186],"new":[18],"type":[19,154],"user":[21],"equipment":[22],"(UE)":[23],"that":[24,117],"demands":[25],"permanent":[26,146],"connectivity.":[27,147],"In":[28,50],"Narrowband":[29],"Internet":[30],"Things":[32],"(NB-IoT)":[33],"systems,":[34],"the":[35,47,64,68,86,106,111,151,181,200,203,206,219],"traffic":[36,75],"generated":[37],"by":[38],"such":[39],"UEs":[40,135,144,153,165,192,208,216],"may":[41],"constitute":[42],"large":[44],"part":[45],"overall":[48],"load.":[49],"this":[51],"article,":[52],"we":[53,83],"first":[54],"propose":[55],"detailed":[57],"2-D":[58],"Markov":[59],"chain":[60],"model":[61,96],"to":[62,90,93,126],"capture":[63],"system\u2019s":[65],"behavior":[66],"mixture":[69],"conventional":[71,134,164,182],"stochastic":[72],"and":[73,97,100,136],"regular":[74],"types.":[76],"To":[77],"provide":[78],"computationally":[80],"efficient":[81],"solution,":[82],"then":[84],"apply":[85],"state":[87],"aggregation":[88],"technique":[89],"reduce":[91],"it":[92],"1-D":[95],"develop":[98],"approximations":[99],"associated":[101],"numerical":[102],"algorithms":[103],"assessing":[105],"mean":[107],"delay":[108,169,201],"when":[109],"transmitting":[110],"considered":[112],"traffic.":[113],"Our":[114],"results":[115],"show":[116],"single":[119],"NB-IoT":[120,220],"cell":[121],"remains":[122],"stable":[123],"up":[125],"<inline-formula":[127,137,193],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[128,138,194],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[129,139,195],"<tex-math":[130,140,196],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$72\\times":[131],"{}10^{4}$":[132],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[133,143],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$9\\times":[141],"{}10^{3}$":[142],"demanding":[145],"presence":[149],"latter":[152,207],"has":[155],"linear":[157],"effect":[158],"on":[159,202],"their":[160],"delay,":[161],"but":[162],"affects":[163],"more":[166],"drastically.":[167],"A":[168],"bound":[170],"10":[172],"s":[173],"specified":[174],"ITU-R":[176],"M.2410":[177],"is":[178,209],"met":[179],"UEs,":[183],"even":[184,211],"under":[185],"high":[187],"number":[188],"permanently":[190,214],"connected":[191,215],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$({10^{3}})$":[197],"</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[198],"However,":[199],"side":[204],"violated":[210],"100":[213],"requiring":[217],"redesigning":[218],"channel":[221],"access":[222],"mechanism":[223],"or":[224],"expanding":[225],"resources.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
