{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404101597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3492716","title":"See as You Desire: Scale-Adaptive Face Super-Resolution for Varying Low Resolutions","display_name":"See as You Desire: Scale-Adaptive Face Super-Resolution for Varying Low Resolutions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404101597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3492716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3492716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3492716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103660397","display_name":"Li Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-4143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition and the School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition and the School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040689381","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3662-9380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition and the School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition and the School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101486583","display_name":"Lin Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-9770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition and the School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition and the School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415973","display_name":"Shuang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4258-3163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition and the School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition and the School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101785348","display_name":"Xinbo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-0776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinbo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition and the School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition and the School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103660397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1920377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"6979","last_page":"6996"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6750863790512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5772365927696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5311490297317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.41428571939468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3603428602218628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6750863790512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5772365927696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5311490297317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.41428571939468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3603428602218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3492716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3492716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2442400651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62036007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335575","funder_display_name":"Key Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3453920714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62221005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3497477163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4097873917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1265","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4151279955","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0847","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4297946667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4395595032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62441601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5064206398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2020jscx-dxwtB0032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330194","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Research Program of Technological Innovation and Application Demonstration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6648443725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8857537017","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2022nscq-msx1342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8946150788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G913836228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62036007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330194","display_name":"Chongqing Research Program of Technological Innovation and Application Demonstration","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335575","display_name":"Key Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W2006902452","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2097039786","https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2103871101","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2160021903","https://openalex.org/W2164307510","https://openalex.org/W2295477204","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2949662773","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2963031226","https://openalex.org/W2963035013","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2964101377","https://openalex.org/W3034521057","https://openalex.org/W3035280441","https://openalex.org/W3035294798","https://openalex.org/W3035605421","https://openalex.org/W3087095858","https://openalex.org/W3092755853","https://openalex.org/W3135349823","https://openalex.org/W3139776131","https://openalex.org/W3166727904","https://openalex.org/W3174531399","https://openalex.org/W3183864931","https://openalex.org/W3189480530","https://openalex.org/W3202903235","https://openalex.org/W3203605797","https://openalex.org/W3208540459","https://openalex.org/W3208549483","https://openalex.org/W4200150166","https://openalex.org/W4205467938","https://openalex.org/W4220833894","https://openalex.org/W4228997264","https://openalex.org/W4285133379","https://openalex.org/W4285599866","https://openalex.org/W4294982690","https://openalex.org/W4304480612","https://openalex.org/W4312283145","https://openalex.org/W4312746248","https://openalex.org/W4312958254","https://openalex.org/W4313071068","https://openalex.org/W4318718455","https://openalex.org/W4319068820","https://openalex.org/W4320008741","https://openalex.org/W4360887305","https://openalex.org/W4366378540","https://openalex.org/W4382457774","https://openalex.org/W4385525377","https://openalex.org/W4385764582","https://openalex.org/W4386065725","https://openalex.org/W4386075642","https://openalex.org/W4386075678","https://openalex.org/W4386076460","https://openalex.org/W4387007704","https://openalex.org/W4391019704","https://openalex.org/W4391019846","https://openalex.org/W4393153772","https://openalex.org/W4393159874","https://openalex.org/W4393252775","https://openalex.org/W4398188145","https://openalex.org/W4398784900","https://openalex.org/W4399251114","https://openalex.org/W4401074492","https://openalex.org/W4402127148","https://openalex.org/W4402402051","https://openalex.org/W4402509893","https://openalex.org/W4402753921","https://openalex.org/W4403535424","https://openalex.org/W4403792190","https://openalex.org/W6638046521","https://openalex.org/W6784357831","https://openalex.org/W6797578546","https://openalex.org/W6843183154","https://openalex.org/W6866401940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"super-resolution":[1],"(FSR)":[2],"is":[3,98],"critical":[4],"for":[5,33,56,203],"bolstering":[6],"intelligent":[7],"security":[8],"in":[9,173,210],"Internet":[10],"of":[11],"Things":[12],"(IoT)":[13],"systems.":[14],"Recent":[15],"deep":[16],"learning-driven":[17],"FSR":[18,58],"algorithms":[19],"have":[20],"attained":[21,99],"remarkable":[22],"progress.":[23],"However,":[24],"they":[25],"always":[26],"require":[27],"separate":[28],"model":[29],"training":[30],"and":[31,43,75,88,118,140,144,194,205],"optimization":[32],"each":[34],"scaling":[35,128],"factor":[36],"or":[37],"input":[38,61,206],"resolution,":[39],"leading":[40],"to":[41,70,79,91,136,147],"inefficiency":[42],"impracticality.":[44],"To":[45],"overcome":[46],"these":[47],"limitations,":[48],"we":[49],"propose":[50],"SAFNet,":[51],"an":[52],"innovative":[53],"framework":[54],"tailored":[55],"scale-adaptive":[57],"with":[59,184],"arbitrary":[60],"resolution.":[62],"SAFNet":[63,161],"integrates":[64],"scale":[65,106,204],"information":[66,146],"into":[67],"representation":[68],"learning":[69],"enable":[71],"adaptive":[72,81],"feature":[73,82,138],"extraction":[74],"introduces":[76],"dual-embedding":[77],"attention":[78],"boost":[80],"reconstruction.":[83],"It":[84],"leverages":[85],"facial":[86],"self-similarity":[87,115,135],"spatial-frequency":[89,121],"collaboration":[90],"achieve":[92],"precise":[93],"scale-aware":[94,113],"SR":[95],"representations.":[96],"This":[97,190],"through":[100],"three":[101],"key":[102],"modules:":[103],"1)":[104],"the":[105,112,120,163],"adaption":[107],"guidance":[108],"unit":[109],"(SAGU);":[110],"2)":[111],"nonlocal":[114],"(SNLS)":[116],"module;":[117],"3)":[119],"interactive":[122],"modulation":[123],"(SFIM)":[124],"module.":[125],"SAGU":[126],"imports":[127],"factors":[129],"using":[130],"frequency":[131,145],"encoding,":[132],"SNLS":[133],"exploits":[134],"enrich":[137],"representations,":[139],"SFIM":[141],"incorporates":[142],"spatial":[143],"predict":[148],"target":[149],"pixel":[150],"values":[151],"adaptively.":[152],"Comprehensive":[153],"evaluations":[154],"across":[155],"four":[156],"benchmark":[157],"datasets":[158],"reveal":[159],"that":[160],"outperforms":[162],"second-best":[164],"compared":[165],"state-of-the-art":[166],"(SOTA)":[167],"method":[168],"by":[169],"about":[170],"0.2":[171],"dB/0.007":[172],"PSNR/SSIM":[174],"(<inline-formula":[175],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[176,219],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[177],"<tex-math":[178],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times":[179],"4$":[180],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[181],"on":[182],"CelebA)":[183],"reduced":[185],"18.68%/42.64%":[186],"computational":[187],"complexity/time":[188],"cost.":[189],"demonstrates":[191],"SAFNet\u2019s":[192],"effectiveness":[193],"superiority,":[195],"showcasing":[196],"its":[197],"potential":[198],"as":[199],"a":[200],"promising":[201],"solution":[202],"resolution":[207],"adaptation":[208],"challenges":[209],"FSR.":[211],"The":[212],"code":[213],"will":[214],"be":[215],"available":[216],"at":[217],"<uri":[218],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com/ICVIPLab/SAFNet</uri>.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
