{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403210269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3476350","title":"mmHPE: Robust Multiscale 3-D Human Pose Estimation Using a Single mmWave Radar","display_name":"mmHPE: Robust Multiscale 3-D Human Pose Estimation Using a Single mmWave Radar","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403210269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3476350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3476350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3476350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068468509","display_name":"Yingxiao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5974-7262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingxiao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5974-7262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074055742","display_name":"Zhongmin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1264-0653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongmin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1264-0653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001557666","display_name":"Haocheng Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5718-6000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haocheng Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5718-6000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101525957","display_name":"Changlin Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7214-5851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changlin Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7214-5851","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101728867","display_name":"Zhiyuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8963-3167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070307122","display_name":"W. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5417-3035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101585051","display_name":"Jianping Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9840-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9840-4256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79366609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"1032","last_page":"1046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.772151529788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4695734679698944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4529995322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4505711495876312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3484058976173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2376059889793396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.772151529788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4695734679698944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4529995322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4505711495876312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3484058976173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2376059889793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3476350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3476350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1967554269","https://openalex.org/W1971022913","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2066218102","https://openalex.org/W2101032778","https://openalex.org/W2143668817","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2293220651","https://openalex.org/W2504335775","https://openalex.org/W2611932403","https://openalex.org/W2827033964","https://openalex.org/W2949860773","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2979856235","https://openalex.org/W2990165697","https://openalex.org/W2990763144","https://openalex.org/W2998273692","https://openalex.org/W3041245623","https://openalex.org/W3122173535","https://openalex.org/W3161507190","https://openalex.org/W3175987492","https://openalex.org/W3190179333","https://openalex.org/W3201497886","https://openalex.org/W3215560494","https://openalex.org/W4220890766","https://openalex.org/W4224861719","https://openalex.org/W4283014808","https://openalex.org/W4292793940","https://openalex.org/W4294831665","https://openalex.org/W4295682580","https://openalex.org/W4317796997","https://openalex.org/W4319299976","https://openalex.org/W4361759894","https://openalex.org/W4366378539","https://openalex.org/W4381199209","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6628877408","https://openalex.org/W6640212811","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6728637006","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6845954595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"human":[1,71,88,198],"pose":[2,199,221],"estimation":[3,177],"(HPE)":[4],"is":[5,150,213],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,90,132,201,223],"several":[9],"application":[10],"areas.":[11],"The":[12],"current":[13],"mainstream":[14],"method":[15,192,212],"based":[16,144],"on":[17,25,145],"vision":[18],"suffers":[19],"from":[20,173,183],"privacy":[21],"leakage":[22],"and":[23,33,58,68,85,114,156],"relies":[24],"lighting":[26],"conditions.":[27],"To":[28],"adopt":[29],"a":[30,80,94,108,154,166,180],"more":[31],"privacy-preserving":[32],"pervasive":[34],"HPE":[35,42,51,169],"approach,":[36],"recent":[37],"studies":[38],"have":[39],"implemented":[40],"3-D":[41,87,109,125,134,147,181,197],"using":[43,93],"commodity":[44],"radio":[45],"frequency":[46],"(RF)":[47],"signals.":[48],"However,":[49],"RF-based":[50],"faces":[52],"issues,":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55],"resolution":[56],"limitations":[57],"complex":[59],"data":[60],"processing,":[61],"which":[62],"makes":[63],"it":[64,121],"challenging":[65],"to":[66,83,122,152,175,216],"extract":[67],"utilize":[69],"multiscale":[70,91,167,202],"activity":[72],"features.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"article,":[76],"we":[77,106,164],"propose":[78],"mmHPE,":[79],"novel":[81],"approach":[82],"detect":[84],"reconstruct":[86],"posture":[89],"scenarios":[92],"single":[95],"millimeter":[96],"wave":[97],"radar.":[98],"mmHPE":[99],"consists":[100],"of":[101,160,208],"three":[102],"main":[103],"parts.":[104],"Specifically,":[105],"develop":[107],"target":[110,126,148,220],"detection":[111,130],"network":[112,170],"(TDN)":[113],"design":[115,165],"an":[116,137,205],"optimized":[117],"loss":[118],"function":[119],"for":[120,178,196],"enhance":[123],"its":[124],"bounding":[127],"box":[128],"(BBox)":[129],"capability":[131],"radar":[133],"space.":[135],"Next,":[136],"enhanced":[138],"point":[139,158,184],"cloud":[140,159,185],"generator":[141],"(EPCG)":[142],"algorithm":[143],"the":[146,161,219],"BBox":[149],"proposed":[151],"generate":[153],"stable":[155],"accurate":[157],"target.":[162],"Furthermore,":[163],"coarse-fine":[168],"(CFN)":[171],"ranging":[172],"approximate":[174],"precise":[176],"reconstructing":[179],"skeleton":[182],"data.":[186],"Extensive":[187],"experiments":[188],"demonstrate":[189],"that":[190],"our":[191],"surpasses":[193],"other":[194],"methods":[195],"reconstruction":[200],"scenes,":[203],"with":[204],"average":[206],"error":[207],"4.50":[209],"cm.":[210],"Our":[211],"robust":[214],"enough":[215],"accurately":[217],"estimate":[218],"even":[222],"occluded":[224],"or":[225],"low-light":[226],"scenes.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-02-18T06:20:13.636215","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
